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Beginning Photoshop
CS4 and CS5
Tracy Marks, M.A.
95 Bow street, Arlington, MA02474
(781) 641-3371
Windweaver Web and Windows Training
Private consulting and training in Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, Powerpoint,
Adobe Illustrator, Basic Windows and Internet Skills, How to Sell on Ebay
Courses offered at:
CambridgeCenter for Adult Education
Lexington Minuteman Community Education
Newton Community Education
Tracy Marks' Windweaver and Webwinds Resources for Photoshop:
Windweaver Web, Windows and Photoshop Resources
copyright 2011 by Tracy Marks
NOTE: Many image files provided for these exercises were photographed by
Tracy Marks. They are copyrighted and may not be used commercially without permission.
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS5with Tracy Marks
Topics to be covered will be selected from the following:
OVERVIEW, INTRODUCTION TO TOOLS
interface preferences overview of tools navigation zoom
palettes color box paintbrush erase to history undo, history palette
RESIZING IMAGES, CANVAS SIZE, SAVING TO JPG
ruler and guides fixed ratio marquee/proportion tool presets image size
resolution crop canvas size content-aware-scaling file formats and jpg
COLOR MODES, COLOR CORRECTION and ADJUSTMENT (100 minutes)
reduce noise color picker custom color histogram andlevels variations
hue, saturation and brightness edit, fill swatches black and white
SELECTING BY SHAPE and COLOR
marquee feathering and anti-aliasing magic wand quick selection tool
lasso/magnetic masking
LAYERS and TRANSFORMATIONS
creating, viewing, naming, altering, moving, flattening layers adjustment layers
transformations: scale rotate flip skew perspective distort
PHOTOSHOP EDITING TOOLS
dodge, burn, sponge clone tool spot healing brush content-aware fill
healing brush gradient history brush patch tool lighting effects
unsharp mask filter high pass sharpening gaussian blur liquify
TYPOGRAPHY and LAYER STYLES and EFFECTS
horizontal and vertical type type mask effects layer styles
ADOBEBRIDGE and BATCH RENAME, ADOBEBRIDGE (90 minutes)
batch rename files adobe bridge views keywords and tags metadata labelling and rating search and sort filters slideshow
NOTE:The practice images used in this class are either from photoshop training books by Scott Kelby and Martin Evening, or by Tracy Marks. All are copyrighted and may not be used commercially.
PC and MAC DIFFERENCES: This course is being taught on the p.c. The primary difference between Photoshop on the pc and on the Mac is that the alt key on the pc is option on the Mac, and the control key on the pc is the apple/command key on the map:
SOME ADOBE PHOTOSHOP TOOLS
VIEWING TOOLS
zoom - for increasing or decreasing the magnification while viewing an image
hand - for scrolling through an image which is larger than the active window
ruler(now within eyedropper) – measures distances, location and angles
SELECTION TOOLS
marquee - for making rectangular and elliptical selections
crop - for selecting a part of image and discarding the rest; also for resizing
lasso - for making freeform selections
magnetic lasso – for drawing selections that cling to the edges of the object
magicwand- for selecting a color in an image, related to color similarities of adjacent pixels
move - for moving a selection, layer or guide
PAINTINGTOOLS
paintbrush - for painting soft-edged strokes using the foreground color
paintbucket (now by gradient tool) - for filling closed areas with the foreground color
eraser- for erasing pixels, painting with background color or restoring portions of saved image
magic eraser – for erasing to transparency
eyedropper - for sampling existing colors by picking up a color from an image and changing
the foreground or background color to match it
pencil - for drawing hard-edged lines with either the foreground or background color
line tool - draws straight lines
gradient fill - creates a gradient fill, ranging from one color to another
type - for entering text and changing font and font size
vertical type – creates vertical type on an image
type mask (transparent type) - creates selection borders in the shape of type
EDITING TOOLS
history brush – paints back in history within the selected portion of the image
clone– sampling an area of image, copying it to another location in same or different image
healing brush – works like the rubber stamp, but blends the cloned area into the texture and
and lighting of the surrounding area
spot healing brush – healing brush which doesn’t require sampling, for repairing small spots
red eye brush – instantly replace red in red eye with black or shades of grey
patch tool – copies selections over area of image, to cover blemishes etc.
pattern stamp – for painting with the selection as a pattern
smudge – for creating smudge-like watercolor effects
blur/sharpen –blur or soften hard edges/ sharpen soft edgesand increase detail
dodge/burn/sponge – for lightening shadow areas, darkening highlights, or changing
saturation within image; dodge lightens, burn darkens, sponge saturates or desaturates
VECTOR GRAPHICS TOOLS
shape – male layer for creating ellipses, circles, rectangles, squares, polygons etc.
pen - for drawing smooth-edged paths
path selection tools* – path composite and direct selection tools for working with paths
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP COMMANDS
common shortcuts, prepared by Tracy Marks
FILEAND EDIT COMMANDSTOOLS
control C copyB paintbrush
control K preferencesC crop
control N newDdefault fore/background colors
control O open fileEeraser
control P printHhand
control Q exit PshopIeyedropper
control R show rulesJ healing brush, patch tool
control S saveLlasso
control alt S save a copyM marquee
control T free transformNline
control V paste0toning tools
control W closeS rubber stamp
control x cutTtype
control alt z multiple undoVmove
control Z undoW magic wand
control alt z multiple undoX reverse foregr/bckgr colors Z zoom
SELECT COMMANDS
control A select all VIEW PALETTES/BARS
control D deselect; select noneF1 help
control G grow selectionF5 show/hide brushes
control I invert selectionF7 show/hide layers
control J make selection into layerF8show info palette
VIEW COMMANDSOTHER COMMANDS
tab hide toolbar and palettesclick zoom in /magnify
ctrl L image, adjust, levels ctrl tab tab through open images
control spacebar zoom in (in other tool)shiftadd to selection
alt click zoom out /demagnifyalt subtract from selection
control + + zoom inalt (drag)copy while moving
control + - zoom outctrl arrow move one pixel
control 0 (zero) fit on screenalt del fill layer w/ foregr color
control H hide edges; show extrasctrl del fill layer 2/bckgr color
control R show/hide rulersctrl F repeat last filter
COLOR ICONS: Click top double arrow to reverse foreground and background colors. Click black and white squares to restore default black and white colors.
VIEWING ICONS: Bottom icons on toolbar are for masking and viewing. The row under the color icons is for regular view and quickmask. The last row is for viewing. Left icon is normal view in window. Middle icon is full screen view with menu bar visible. Right icon is full screen view without menu bar visible.
PHOTOSHOP KEYBOARD HINTS
SELECT: Hold shift to select more than one object.
To select all, use ctrl a. To deselect all, use ctrl d.
ZOOM: Z
To hide/show marching ants (show extras), use ctrl H.
With zoom tool chosen, hold alt to zoom out (image smaller). Or use ctrl -
To zoom in (image larger), click with zoom tool or use control + .
Type zoom percentage at bottom left of status bar OR use Navigator palette.
To switch to hand tool while zooming: spacebar
MARQUEE: M
With rectangular chosen, hold shift to make a square.
With elliptical chosen, hold shift to make a circle.
Using marquee tool: Hold alt to draw from the center out.
Drag marquee to move it without moving the selection.
Use marquee, then IMAGE, CROP to crop a selection OR use crop tool.
LASSO: L
Hold down shift and drag outside your selection to add to your selection.
Hold down alt and drag inside your selection to subtract from your selection.
Hold down alt and click to create points for straight line segments; use polygonal lasso
MOVE : V
Move selection with move tool.
Hold alt while moving a selection to leave the original and move a copy.
Holt shift while moving to constrain movement.
Use arrow key to move selection grid when selection tool is active.
Use shift arrow key to move selection grid 5 pixels when selection tool is active.
Use control, arrow key on keyboard to move entire selected area in 1 pixel increments.
EYEDROPPER: I
Hold alt while sampling for sample color to become background color.
MAGIC WAND: W
Hold shift and click outside selection area to include more colors in selection.
Hold alt and click inside selection area to exclude colors from selection.
SWATCHES PALETTE (shortcuts changed in photoshop 7):
Hold shift and click on a color to replace it with a new color
Hold control and click on a color to replace the background color
Hold alt and click on a color to delete it from the swatches palette.
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ADOBE PHOTOSHOP: Glossary
calibration - adjustment of computer monitor and color conversion parameters to compensate for factors that affects the onscreen and printed image
clone - to duplicate all or part of an image using the rubber stamp tool
dpi or dots per inch - a measurement for measuring resolution of printer (see ppi)
duotone - grayscale pictures printed using two printing plates
feather - fade edge of selection to a specific number of pixels, making some pixels transparent
filter - technique or tool for applying special effects to an image
floating selection - selected area which can be moved without affecting underlying pixels
gamut- the range of colors available
image resolution - the spacing of pixels in an image measured by ppi or pixels per inch, which
determines the amount of information stored in the image
interpolation - adjustment of resolution and or number of pixels in an image by adding or
deleting pixels (bicubic is slow but precise; nearest neighbor is fastest but the least
precise);also referred to as resampling up
layer - separation of an image into levels based upon depth so that portions of the image at
a similar depth can be worked on without affecting other portions
monitor resolution - the number of pixels per inch used by a computer monitor, determining
the size of the image on screen (480x640, 600x800)
nonfloating selection - selection made using a selection tool in Photoshop (which if moved,
alters the background, leaving only the background color)
output resolution - the number of dots per inch that the output device such as printer can
print (laser printers are often 300-600 dpi)
pixels - individual dots used to display a picture on a computer screen
ppi - the number of pixels per inch, determining resolution of your screen or monitor
resampling - adding or subtracting pixels from an image, altering its resolution (resampling up
adds new pixels to increase the resolution, often resultingin some blur or graininess;
resampling down decreases pixels to decrease resolution without loss of quality)
selection - an area of an image chosen for editing
tolerance (fuzziness) - range of pixels within which the operations of a tool operates
TERMINOLOGY OF COLOR
reflected light: light as perceived by our eyes when light waves are reflected off objects and portions of
its wavelength are absorbed by the objects
subtractive colors: colors which cannot be created by mixing colors. Subtractive colors are created by reflective light. See CMYK.
cmyk: cyan, magenta, yellow and black - the subtractive color wheel used for professional printing, and for creating graphics meant primarily for printing; uses color separations and halftone screens
process colors: cmyk colors, used in printing
spot colors: special premixed inks used instead of, or in addition to, the process color (CMYK) inks. Each
spot color requires its own plate on the press
transmitted light: the way our eyes receive light through a transparent object such as a monitor. Light
which is transmitted creates additive colors.
additive colors: RGB - red, green or blue, colors received from transmitted light, as on a computer
monitor. Adding 100% red, 100% green and 100% blue creates white; 0% creates black
rgb: the additive color model, used on computer monitors for graphics to be viewed on-screen.
hsb: a color model based on varying hue, saturation and brightness
grayscale: a range of 256 colors between black and white bitmap: black and white only
tone: color mixed with greytint: color mixed with whiteshade: color mixed with black
hue: a color's name, related to wave length of its transmitted or reflected light
saturation: intensity or strength of a color, or dullness as compared to gray. 100% saturation is vibrant.
value: the brightness or lightness of a color, related to its relative position on a scale of white to black.
luminosity: the brightness of a color, related to amount of white within the color.
analogous colors: colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel
Blue: green and violet.Orange: red and violet.Green: blue and yellow.
Red: orange and violet.Yellow: green and orange.Violet: red and blue.
complementary colors: colors opposite each other on the color wheel - blue and orange, red and
green, yellow and violet
triadic colors: combination of three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel. Usually red,
yellow, blue, or orange, violet, green. (Red orange, yellow green and blue violet are also triadic
warm colors colors perceived as warm and vibrant, attracting attention, seeming larger and closer than
they are: red, red-orange, orange, yellow-orange, and yellow
cool colors: colors perceived as restful, appearing to recede and seem smaller, further away than they
are - green, blue -green, blue-violet, blue (Yellow-green and red-violet are neither)
anti-aliasing - alleviates harsh appearance of jaggies (jagged edges caused by low resolution and square
pixels) by blending object's edge with background color and softening area where object and background overlap; problematic if moving antialiased selection to different color background
dithering: converting image to the colors supported by a computer platform, by choosing colors close in
hue to original colors. May involve mixing different color pixels to produce illusion of another color.
bit resolution (pixel or color depth) - the number of bits of information per pixel, influencing the number
of colors (8bit =256, 24 bit =16 million)
color depth: the number of bits of color information available to each pixel in an image, determining
number of colors available
color mode - color system used to display and print documents (RGB, CMYK or grayscale)
color palette: the selected group of colors available for use in an image
color reduction: reducing number of colors displayed in an image in order to view it in less color depth;
reduces file size, but may seriously diminish color quality
graduated fill: approximating a smooth gradation of blended colors, with range of shades/ hues
halftone: a sheet of glass or film with grid patterns or lines used to convert a continuous tone image into
dots of various size so it may be printed
moire: undesirable patterns in an image created when converting files, scanning an image printed from
a magazine or book, or when using an incorrect halftone screen angle
process color: the 4-color-system used for 4-color separations in color printing
spot color: a color-matching system used to specify an exact color to be used for offset printing; the
pantone color system is commonly used
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GRAPHICS FILE FORMATS FOR THE PC
A graphics file is a binary file (comprised of 0s and 1s) containing a file header and image data. The file header includes necessary information for reading the file - the format and version of the program in which an image is saved, number of colors, how to read the file. The image data may contain a memory map of pixels in the image (raster images) or mathematical data for recreating the image (vector).
COLOR DEPTH
1 bitblack and white4 bit16 colors7 bit 128 colors
8 bit256 colors 16 bit 65,356 colors 24 bit16 million colors
SOME RASTER IMAGE FILE FORMATS
Raster images consist of hundred of tiny dots or pixels, creating variation in color and shading. These images contain continuous tones and reproduce photographic detail, but are not easily enlarged (individ-ual pixels become apparent) Raster image files store the color value of every pixel of an image, which they read across and down, from upper left to the bottom right of the image.