Evaluation Priority of SPM (Minimum Service Standarts) Jagorawi Toll Road from User Side, Toll Road Manager and Trasportation Expert Through Scoring with Analytical Hierarchy Process Method*
Alexsander Sandrio
Binus University, Jl. KH.Syahdan No. 9 Kemanggisan Jakarta Barat, 5345830,
Alexsander Sandrio, Eduardi Prahara
ABSTRACT
Toll road is a means of transportation that requires special management to keep convenience, security and safety by the users. Therefor SPM (Minimum Service Standard) was made. To see priority according to several parts which has relation with toll road SPM (as well as the fulfillment of Minimum Service Standard) then this research. To see priority SPM (Minimum Service Standard) used Experts Choice program by entering each criteria in SPM (Minimum Service Standard) and programs experts choice will issue a comparison can be used as a questionnaire. (AS). Using the results of the survey is then processed using a program and Expert Choice issued results is a priority SPM (Minimum Service Standard) of these three types of respondents. Data processing of the results obtained by the safety a priority, then made observations in field of safety criteria i.e. Highway conditions, lighting and added payments transaction speeds by taking as much time as data 3 times and pull the average. The result obtained is for lighting and speed transactions are still meets the standards.
Keywords : Priority, Minimum Service Standart, Toll Road
INTRODUCTION
Jagorawi toll road is an important infrastructure that connected Jakarta with Bogor and another cities, so have a large contribution in cities economic growth. Legowo (2009) said, Presidential instruction no 13 1976 be a fundamental framework development jakarta with the surrounding region. According to suprayitno ( 2012 ), toll road is one vital facilities needed to raise efficiency industry an economy. Jagorawi toll road have 59 km long and operated by PT. Jasa Marga witch the first operated toll road Jagorawi toll road connecting Jakarta, Cibubur, Citeureup, Bogor and Ciawi. According to hermawan ( 2009 ), in an effort to accelerate the improvement of the economic and social welfare the government launched to develop infrastructure, such as a way to support the acceleration of an increase in economic activities with scales relatively big enough. As part of road infrastructure development the government has targeted unsettled building of toll roads throughout 1150 km in the period of 5 years ( BPJT, 2007 ).According to muljono ( 2013 ), transportation politics, became the vein economy, socio-culture and defense national security a very vital role in the resistance of national.Said this transportation and infrastructure both have a correlation in which serves as a cantilever life of a country. Toll road traffic average daily jakarta-bogor having reached 581.911 a day ( according to data from the site jasa marga per year 2012 ), congestion and long line at the gates the counter the payment of toll was a sight have been accustomed to look at the toll jagorawi, especially in the morning and evening that is when drivers go and come home from work.According to syahrizal ( 2012 ), required the balance the volume of traffic which happens to a broad street that is so there is no traffic jam.According to solidikin ( 2006 ), toll collection systems that is operated in indonesia still use conventional system ( traditionally ) that of toll collection systems is still done manually either on the open system, nor a closed system it needs a relatively long time so as to produce long line, especially in the morning and afternoon.Minimum Service Standards ( spm ) that has been set by the agency of the ruler of a motorway ( BPJPT ) is a measure which must be achieved in implementation of toll roads ( with the minister of public works 392 / PRT / M / 2005 about minimum service standards ( SPM ) highways ). To fulfill the minimum service standards ( spm ), the needed handling professional and able to provide comfort, safety, as well as facilities for the user. According to hermawan, r et al. , ( 2013 ), the cost of highway worn will deliver more values in the form of savings vehicles and time, the costs of surgery comfort as well as facilities for the better.
Picture 1 Hierarchy Structure
can be described as follows, the purpose is to find a priority then the criterion is the substance of the service of the toll roads condition, average travel speed, accessibility, mobility, safety and rescue units / rescue and relief services.Then the first alternative is the indicator of the SPM as roughness, no holes, unevenness, travel speed in town, out of town travel speed, traffic control facilities, urban street lighting, rumijafencing, accidentshandling, enforcement security and law, ambulance, highway patrol, toll road patrol, traffic conditions information system, rescuevehicle, tow vehicles.Then the second alternative is the coverage or scope of such traffic signs, road markings, reflectors, poles / 1km, victims of accidents, vehicle accidents, LHR> 100,000 vehicles per day and LHR <100,000 vehicles per day. After all of the elements required in the Expert Choice are met, then the program will start to pull a priority from the bottom alternatives by comparing one alternative with another alternative based on the largest value obtained from the results of the survey, to determine the amount of weight (1 to 9). Before that we had to look for the minimum number of respondents using Slovin formula. Slovin formula can also be used to find the percentage of confidence in the data test. Slovinformula can be seen in equation 1.
...... (1)
N= Population Sizes
n= The number of sample
e= A margin of error
OBSERVATION METHOD
Based on Picture 2, systematization making of this research will be through the following steps:
- Research begins by identifying the issues that are a major factor of this research, then refer to the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) Jagorawi toll road.
- According the identification, efforts to seek theoretical heritage studies and references that relate directly to the implementation of the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) toll road and look for methods to perform data processing.
- After the case study, data collection was performed with a questionnaire with appropriate indicators of Minimum Service Standards (SPM) toll road which was distributed to the respondents including the PT. JasaMarga branch Jagorawi the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) as managers, experts and the public transportation users of Jagorawi toll road. After the data is collected, then the data processed using the same method as that used by Roseily on the journal of Priority Evaluation of SPM (Minimum Service Standards) Jakarta-Tangerang toll road through weighting the analytical hierarchy method processbut with different research sites, namely the Jagorawi toll roads.
- After getting the data, then the data analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process, which is a mathematical method to formulate the decision making problem solving service criteria of each substance in stages (hierarchy) to be assessed numerically so visible where the substance has a higher priority and influential most in the condition (Roseily (2013)).
This method is applied to the computerized data processing with the help of the program based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is Expert Choice version 11. Data from each respondent inputted into the program to get the results of rating the weighting of each substance in the service of the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) toll road. From this data it can be seen where the most influence on the fulfillment of the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) in Jagorawi toll roads as well as a priority based on the indicators in the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) Jagorawi toll road.
- After all the data from the questionnaires that have been distributed processed, will be obtained based on the priorities of the three types of respondents (the PT. JasaMarga branch Jagorawi the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) as managers, experts and the public transportation users of Jagorawi toll road). Are then arranged in order to be seen clearly.
- From the results of the data obtained, then the data from Jagorawi toll users compared to data of Jakarta-Tangerang toll road users (Roseily (2013)).
- After that, then conducted a field survey to see and verify the compliance with the criteria of Minimum Service Standards (SPM) is a priority.
- The next stage is to make conclusions regarding the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) which have not been met and enter a suggestion that builds.
Picture 2 Flow Chart Of Research Phase
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 Type Of Respondents
Tipe Responden / Jumlah Responden / PersentasePengguna jalan tol Jagorawi / 80 orang / 80 %
Karyawan PT. Jasa Marga cabang Jagorawi / 10 Orang / 10 %
Ahli transportasi / 10 Orang / 10 %
Source : Field Surveys in The Jagorawi Toll Road, 2014
Data retrieval or spread sheet questionnaire for users highway respondents carried out at some point resting Jagorawi toll road, namely 2-way retreat from Jakarta and 2 resting place of direction Ciawi.Then for employees of PT. JasaMargaJagorawi branch at a office of PT JasaMargaJagorawibranch located in the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah in Jakarta and transportation experts at several universities that have faculty of civil engineering who was in Jakarta area. To determine the number of respondents, Slovin formula then in use. According to Setiawan, N. (2007), Slovin formula still gives the freedom to determine the margin of error.
e = 0,1000 or 10 %
Based LHR (Average Daily Traffic) Jagorawi toll road in 2013 amounted to 544 714 vehicles / day, calculated using the formula Slovin get error value of 10% or the value of confidence of the data by 90%.
Table 2 The Analysis Result Of The Division Of Respondents Based on Age
Rentang Usia / Jumlah Responden / Persentase17-19 / 8 Orang / 10%
20-24 / 20 Orang / 25%
25-29 / 12 Orang / 15%
30-34 / 10 Orang / 13%
35-39 / 8 Orang / 10%
40-44 / 6 Orang / 8%
45-49 / 6 Orang / 8%
50-54 / 6 Orang / 8%
55-60 / 4 Orang / 5%
Total / 80 Orang / 100%
Source :Field Surveys in The Jagorawi Toll Road, 2014
In table 2 it can be seen the age of respondents in specified between 17 years up to the age of 60 years in order that the respondents did not feel difficulty and can still be easily in remembering what was once directly on the experience of the minimum toll road services.
Table 3 The Analysis Result Of The Division Of Respondents Based on Occupation
Pekerjaan / Jumlah Responden / PersentaseMahasiswa / 48 Orang / 60%
Pelajar / 16 Orang / 20%
Pegawai negri / 12 Orang / 15%
Pegawai swasta / 4 Orang / 5%
Total / 80 Orang / 100%
Source : Field Surveys in The Jagorawi Toll Road, 2014
For the division of respondents based on occupation in table 3, because the distribution of questionnaires carried out during the holidays, so many respondents highway users who are students currently hold a holiday. In addition, students are mostly passengers of vehicles driven by parents who worked as private or civil employees.
Table 4 The Analysis Result Of The Division Of Respondents Based on Travelled Distance
Jarak Perjalanan / Jumlah Responden / PersentaseJauh / 58 Orang / 73%
Dekat / 22 Orang / 28%
Total / 80 Orang / 100%
Source : Field Surveys in The Jagorawi Toll Road, 2014
Distribution of respondents based on travelled distance Table 4, is dominated by riders who like to travel long distances from Jakarta to Bogor and Tangerang to Bogor or Sukabumi through Jagorawi.
Table 5 The Analysis Result Of The Division Of Respondents Based on The Type Of Vehicle
Jenis Kendaraan / Jumlah Responden / PersentaseBerat / 13 Orang / 16%
Ringan / 67 Orang / 84%
Total / 80 Orang / 100%
Source : Field Surveys in The Jagorawi Toll Road, 2014
Distribution of respondents by type of vehicle in Table 5, is dominated by light vehicle. Heavy vehicles that exist almost entirely deliver the goods like motor vehicles, cement and other materials out of the city, such as from Jakarta to GunungPutri, but there are also buses that deliver passenger group of Sukabumi towards Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.
Table 6 The Analysis Result Of The Division Of Respondents Based on The Driver or Passengers
Pengemudi atau Penumpang / Jumlah Responden / PersentasePengemudi / 49 Orang / 61%
Penumpang / 31 Orang / 39%
Total / 80 Orang / 100%
Source : Field Surveys in The Jagorawi Toll Road, 2014
Distribution of respondents by the driver or passengers in table 6, is dominated by the driver than the passenger, with the difference reaching nearly half.
The Data Processing Result Of The Jagorawi Toll Road Users
The results obtained from data processing for the data rate of interest criteria is, traffic safety is a priority with a value of 29.1%. Then, for the relief unit, rescue and service get a value of 20.2%, for the condition of the toll road to get a value of 18.4%, for mobility get a value of 11.3%. Then followed with accessibility scores of 10.9% and the last is average travel speed with a value of 10.2%. The results of calculations using Expert Choice program can be seen in Picture 3. The value inconsistency 0.613%, according to Primantari, L (2008), limits the consistency of a matrix is accepted or not there is actually no standard only according to some experimentation and experience level of inconsistency is down by 10% inconsistent levels were still acceptable. Still according Primantari, L (2008), more than that there should be a revision of the assessment because of the level of inconsistency that is too large can lead to an error.
Picture 3 The Data Processing Result Of The Criteria Importance Of The Jagorawi Toll Users Respondent
The Data Processing ResultOf The Transportation Experts
Requiredviewofthetransportation experts, to furtherdeterminein more detail, whichisbecomingapriorityin theSPM(Minimum Service Standards). Transportationexpertswho were respondentthat hasbeenpassedJagorawitoll road, so ithasits ownfeelto the SPM(Minimum Service Standards). The resultis thattraffic safetyis a prioritywitha value of29.9%, thenthe emergency unit, rescueand servicegeta value of24.1%, the condition ofthe toll road witha value of14.3%, mobility witha value of12,8%, accessibility withvalue10.15andthe last oneis theaverage travelspeedwiththe value of8.8%. The results ofcalculationsusingExpert Choiceprogramcan beseen in Picture4. The inconsistencyvalueof 2%, according toPrimantari, L(2008), limitsacceptablea consistencyof the matrixis actually nostandardonlyaccording to someexperimentationandexperiencelevel ofinconsistencyof 10%downisinconsistentlevelthatis acceptable.StillaccordingPrimantari, L(2008), more than thatthere should be arevision of theassessmentbecause ofthe level ofinconsistencythat is toolargecan lead toanerror.
Picture 4 The Data Processing Result Of The Transportation Experts Respondent
The Data Processing Result Of The Employee Of PT Jasa Marga JagorawiBranch
Employees of PT. JasaMargaJagorawibranchsectionSPM(Minimum Service Standards) into type3respondentstothedata has beentakenanddistributedrandomly. Trafficsafetyis a prioritywitha value of44.8%, followed byunits ofrelief, rescueandserviceswith a valueof 17.5%, the condition ofthe highway witha value of12.6%, average travelspeedwith a value of10.5%, with amobilityof 7.5% and thevalue ofthe latteristhe accessibilityto the valueof 7.1%. The results ofcalculationsusingExpert Choiceprogramcan beseen in Figure5.Inconsistencyvalueof 4%, according toPrimantari, L(2008), limitsthe consistencyof amatrixis acceptedor notthere is actually nostandardonlyaccording to someexperimentationandexperiencelevel ofinconsistencyisdownby 10% inconsistentlevelswerestill acceptable. StillaccordingPrimantari, L(2008), more than thatthere should be arevision of theassessmentbecause ofthe level ofinconsistencythat is toolargecan lead toanerror.
Picture 5 The Data Processing Result Of The Employee Of PT Jasa Marga Jagorawi Branch
ComparisonwithJakartaTangerangTollRoad Users
Tosee ifthere aresimilaritiesregarding thepriorityof SPM(Minimum Service Standards) was performed incomparison with thepreviousdata(Jakarta-Tangerang toll road users. (Roseily, 2013)).
Table 7 The Comparasion Of The Research Result with Previous Research
Tingkat Kepentingan Kriteria / Pengguna Jalan Tol Jagorawi (Sandrio,2014) / Pengguna Jalan Tol Jakarta Tanggerang (RoseilyF, 2013)1 / Keselamatan Lalu Lintas (29,1%) / Keselamatan Lalu Lintas (26,8%)
2 / Unit Pertolongan, Penyelamatan dan Pelayanan (20,2%) / Kondisi Jalan Tol (21,0%)
3 / Kondisi Jalan Tol (18,4%) / Unit Pertolongan, Penyelamatan dan Pelayanan (16,9%)
4 / Mobilitas (11,3%) / Mobilitas (16,0%)
5 / Aksesibilitas (10,9%) / Aksesibilitas (10,7%)
6 / Kecepatan Tempuh Rata-rata (10,2%) / Kecepatan Tempuh Rata-rata (8,5%)
From the Jagorawi toll road users data and Jakarta-Tangerang toll road users data (Roseily, 2013) obtainedsimilarityresultson key priorities, wheretraffic safetywasa priority. Thentothe dataof Jakarta-Tangerang toll road(Roseily, 2013), followedbytoll road condition, emergencyunits, rescue, andsafety, mobility, accessibility, and the latteris theaverage travelspeed. As for theJagorawitoll roadbegins withtraffic safety, emergencyunits, rescue, andsafety, toll roadconditions, mobility, accessibility, and the last one is theaverage travel speed.
Here it can be seen, the criteria of SPM (Minimum Service Standards) on the Jagorawi toll road and Jakarta-Tangerang toll road has almost the same priority level as a whole when looking at the data error rate of 10% and a confidence level of 90% after the data is calculated by using the formula (equation 4.1). Eg safety criteria, the results of the calculation of the user data by using the program Jagorawi is 29.1%, when the error rate is reduced by 10%, then the results obtained is 26.19%. These results do not very with the results obtained from the Jakarta-Tangerang toll road users at 26.8% (Roseily, 2013).
We conducted a field survey to see how supporting safety is a priority SPM (Minimum Service Standards), such as the presence or absence of a hole and lighting at night. Because of these two factors is a criterion that is closely related to the safety of highway users. Then the speed of the transaction will be added to support accessibility associated with the convenience of toll road users, the toll gate subtations were data taken at random, where the toll gate substation through which most vehicles, the toll gate substation from Jakarta to Bogor toll and the toll gate substations of Ciawi to Jakarta.
The Result of Field Survey
Besides the survey data resultusing questionnaires,conductedfield surveysalsoobservedby looking atthe holeinthe roadandstreet lightingbecauseofthe results ofthe surveyquestionnaire was usedto getthattrafficsafetyis a priority. Thenaddedalsothe calculationspeedinsubstationpaymenttransactions. The roadissmoothwith noholesandlightingbecomesanimportantfactorsupportingtraffic safety. From the observationsdirectly to the location(highway Jagorawi), obtaineda functioninglightingisas much as 100% at night, butfora hole, the holeis stillfoundin some point. Forholesandspeed of transactionsattoll gatesrandomlytakenanddone taking3 timesateachgatecheckouts, ieontoll roads andtollgatesand theJakarta-Bogor-Jakarta Ciawithenmadethe averagetimeobtained. In Table8until11tablewill explain theresults ofthe fieldsurvey.