Supplementary Table 1: Prevalence of Gout in Africa

Supplementary Table 1: Prevalence of gout in Africa

Country name / Setting / Definition / Calendar year of data collection / Age limits
(years) / Prevalence / Author
Burkina Faso / Survey in Ouagadougou / Self-reported / 2011 / >20 / 3% / SagnaS1
South Africa / Survey in Johannesburg / Self-reported / 1977 / Adult / 0.13% in men and 0.3% in women / BeightonS2
Togo / Hospitalised patients in Teaching hospital in Lomé city / ACR / 1989-1999 / All age / 1.9% / MijiyawaS3
Zimbabwe / Registry of chronic recurrent disease in a rural clinic / Physician diagnosis / 1973-1982 / All age / 0.74% / LutaloS4

Supplementary Table 2: Prevalence of gout in Asia

Country name / Setting / Definition / Calendar year of data collection / Age limits
(years) / Prevalence / Author
China / Survey in urban Shantou / Self-reported / 1990
1992
1999 / >16 / 0.17%
0.15%
0.26% / ZengS5
COPCORD survey in Shanghai / Self-reported and ACR / 1997 / >15 / 0.34% / ChenS6
COPCORD survey in Shanghai / Self-reported and ACR / 1997-1998 / >15 / 0.33%
Men: 0.63%
Women: 0.06% / DaiS7
Survey in Qingdao city / Self-reported / 2002 / 20–74 / 0.36% / NanS8
Survey in 5 coastal cities in Shandong province / ACR / 2004 / >20 / 1.14%
Men: 1.94%
Women: 0.42% / MiaoS9
Survey in Beijing / Self-reported and clinically verified / 2011 / >16 / 0.09%
Men: 0.17%
Women 0.02% / LiS10
India / COPCORD in Village Bhigwan / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 1996 / >15 / 0.12% / ChopraS11
Survey in Jammu state / Self-reported / 2000 / >15 / 0.82% / AnnilS12
Indonesia / COPCORD inrural JAVA / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 1990 / >15 / 1.7% / DarmawanS13
Iran / COPCORD in Tehran / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 1993 / >15 / 0.13% / DavatchiS14
COPCORD in Fasham / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 1995 / 15 / 0.28% / ForghanizadehS15
COPCORD in Tehran / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 2004-2005 / >15 / Caucasians: 0.09%
Turks: 0.21% / DavatchiS16
COPCORD in Zahedan / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 2008-2009 / >15 / 0.07% / SandoughS17
COPCORD in Sanandaj / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 2011 / >15 / 0.12% / NasrinS18
Japan / Survey in Wakayama Prefecture / Self-reported and verified by ACR / 2003 / All age / 0.51% / KawasakiS19
Korea, South / National database / Physician diagnosis / 2008 / All age / 0.40% / Lee CHS20
Kuwait / COPCORD national survey / Self-reported and verified by clinician / 1999 / >15 / 0.8% / Al-AwadhiS21
Malaysia / COPCORD / Self-reported and verified by clinician / 1988 / 15 / 0 / VeerapenS22
Pakistan / COPCORD in Islamabad / Self-reported and verified by clinician / 1997 / >15 / 0.23% / FarooqiS23
Philippines / COPCORD in Manila / Self-reported and verified by clinician / 1997 / >15 / 0.1% / DansS24
Russia / Screening program in 7 cities of Former USSR / Clinical diagnosis / 1990s / Adults / 0.1% / WigleyS25
Saudi Arabia / Screening program in 14 primary care clinics in Riyadh / ACR / 1998-1999 / Adults / 0 / Al-ArfajS26
Singapore / Survey of the Singapore Chinese Health Study / Self-reported / 1993-1998 / 45–74 / 4.1% / TengS27
Taiwan / Survey in Kinmen county / Self-reported / 1991-1992 / 30+ / Men: 11.5%
Women: 3.0% / LinS28
Nutritional and Health Survey in Taiwan / Self-reported / 1993-1996 / 20+ / Men: 3.3%
Women: 1.1% / ChangS29
Survey in 3 districts / Self-reported / 1994 / >20 / Rural: 1.16%
Suburban: 0.67%
Urban: 0.67% / ChouS30
Survey in 3 aboriginal and 2 non-aboriginal areas / Self-reported / 1995 / 40+ / Aboriginal:
Men:15.2; Women: 4.8
Non-aboriginal
Men: 3.4; Women: 2.8 / ChangS31
Survey in Ho-ping county / Self-reported / 1994 / 18+ / Aboriginal: 11.7% / Chou and LaiS32
Hospital-based surveys in Taichung / Physician diagnosis / 2000-2002 / 20+ / Men: 5.0%
Women: 0.6% / LaiS33
National insurance claims database / Physician diagnosis / 2004 / All ages / Overall: 4.92%
Men: 5.17%
Women: 1.64% / KuoS34
Nutritional and Health Survey in Taiwan / Self-reported / 2005-2008 / 20+ / Men: 8.21%
Women: 2.33% / ChuangS35
Claims database from Bureau of National Health Insurance in Southern Taiwan / Physician diagnosis during 2004 to 2006 / 2006 / >20 / Aboriginal: 10.42%
Non-aboriginal: 2.98% / TuS36
National insurance claims database / Physician diagnosis / 2010 / All ages / 6.24% / KuoS37
Tajikistan / Dushanbe / Clinical diagnosis / 1990s / Adults / 0.12% / KhaltaevS25
Thailand / COPCORD survey in a rural population / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 1998 / >15 / 0.16% / ChaiamnuayS38
Turkey / Survey in Urban area of Izmir / ACR / 2001 and 2002 / >20 / > 20 years: 0.31%
Men: 0.51%
Women: 0.15% / BirlikS39
17 villages in Havsa region / Self-reported and verified / 2012 / >20 / 0.02% / CakirS40
Turkmenistan / Krasnovodsk / Clinical diagnosis / 1990s / >15 / 0.05% / WigleyS25
Vietnam / COPCORD in Hanoi city / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 2000 / >15 / 0.14% / Minh HoaS41

Supplementary Table 3: Prevalence of gout in Europe.

Country name / Setting / Definition / Calendar year of data collection / Age limits(years) / Prevalence / Author
Czech Republic / City of Ceske Budejovice and
the rural district of Cheb / Physician diagnosis / 2002–2003 / >15 / 0.3% / HanovaS42
Denmark / Employees in Copenhagen / Self-reported / 1970s / 40–59 / 1.6% / De MuckadellS43
France / Survey in Paris / Self-reported / 1965–1970 / Adult / Men: 3.5% / ZalokarS44
Questionnaire survey in Metropolitan France / Self-reported / 2013 / Adult / 0.9% / BardinS45
Georgia / Survey in Tbilisi and workers at 7 enterprises of the machine-building and mining industries / Self-reported / 1980s / Adult / 0.29% / TsitlanadzeS46
Germany / European prospective study into cancer and nutrition / Self-reported / 1994–1998 / >35 / 2.0% / ManuelaS47
Database containing data from 400 general practices / Physician diagnosis / 2000–2005 / All ages / 1.4% / AnnemansS48
Greece / 2 urban, 2suburban and 5 rural area across the country / ACR / 1996–1999 / Adults / 0.47% / AndrianakosS49
Random population sample in central Greece / Self-reported / 2007–2008 / Adults / 4.71% / AnagnostopoulosS50
Italy / Italian primary care database / Physician diagnosis / 2005
2009 / >18 / 0.67%
0.91% / TrifiroS51
Survey in Marche / Self-reported / 2004 / >18 / 0.46% / SalaffiS52
Lithuania / Vilnius / Clinical diagnosis / 1990s / Adults / 0.05% / WigleyS25
Netherlands / Dutch population based Musculoskeletal Complaints and Consequences Cohort study / Self-reported / 1998 / >25 / Men:3.7%
Women: 2.3% / PicavetS53
Portugal / Survey in Lisbon city / Self-reported / 2011 / Adults / 0.3% / Cátia ReisS54
Spain / 6 primary care centre / Physician diagnosis / 2003-2007 / >18 / 3.3% / Sicras-MainarS55
Ukraine / Odessa / Clinical diagnosis / 1990s / Adults / 0.26% / KhaltaevS25
United Kingdom / Survey in Cotswolds / Self-reported and verified / 1971 / 15 / 0.93% / BadleyS56
64 general practices / Physician diagnosis / 1975 / >15 / 0.26% / CurrieS57
Survey in 3 English towns / Self-reported / 1982 / >45 / Men: 4.33 / GadnerS58
General practices in Scottish highlands / Physician diagnosis / 1992 / All ages / 0.34% / StevenS59
42 General practices in England / Physician diagnosis / 1992-1993 / All ages / 0.95% / HarrisS60
General Practice Research Database / Physician diagnosis / 1999 / All ages / 1.39% / MikulsS61
Database containing data from 650 general practices / Physician diagnosis / 2000-2005 / All ages / 1.4% / AnnemansS48
Royal College of General Practitioners Weekly Returns Service / Consultation for gout in each calendar year / 2001-2007 / All ages / 0.46 / ElliotS62
Clinical Practice Research Data-link / Physician diagnosis / 2012 / All ages
Adult / 2.49%
3.22% / KuoS63

Supplementary Table 4: Prevalence of gout in North and South America

Country name / Setting / Definition / Calendar year of data collection / Age limits(years) / Prevalence / Author
Canada / Aggregated data from provincial health service databases / Physician diagnosis / 1998–1999 / Adults / 3% / BadleyS64
Cuba / COPCORD survey in an urban community in Havana City / Self-reported / 2009 / >15 / 0.38% / Reyes-LlerenaS65
Guatemala / COPCORD survey in San Juan Sacatepéquez County (SJSC) and Guatemala City / Self-reported and clinically verified / 2007 / >15 / 0.01% / ObregonS66
Falkland Islands / Retrospective morbidity survey / Physician diagnosis / 1979 / All ages / Men: 0.64% / KingS67
Mexico / COPCORD survey in Southwest region of Mexico city / Self-reported and clinically verified / 2000 / >15 / 0.4% / CardielS68
Survey in Cantamayec, Yucatán / ACR / 2001 / Adults / 0.7% / Álvarez NemegyeiS69
COPCORD survey in 5 regions / Self-reported and clinically verified / 2011 / >15 / 0.35% / PalaezS70
United States / Survey in Tecumseh, Michigan / Self-reported and clinically verified / 1959–1960 / All ages / Men: 0.5%
Women: 0.3% / MikkelsenS71
Framingham Heart Study / Self-reported / 1964 / >45 / 1.48% / HallS72
Survey in Sudbury / Rome and New York criteria0.12% in 1996in / 1964 / >15 / 0.37% / O’SullivanS73
Health Professional Follow-up study / ACR / 1986 / >40 / Men: 5% / KramerS74
National Health Interview survey / Self-reported in one year / 1988
1989
1990
1991
1992 / >20 / 0.85%
0.85%
0.91%
0.86%
0.84% / LawrenceS75
Survey in a random sample (NHANES) / Self-reported / 1988–1994 / >20 / 2.7% / KramerS76
Claims database in Western states / Physician recorded(patients consulted in a given year) / 1990–1999 / All ages / 1990: 0.29%
1995: 0.48%
1999: 0.52% / WallaceS77
Alaskan Inupiat Eskimo population / Self-reported / 1991 / All ages / 0.3% / BoyerS78
Claims database / Physician recorded
(patients consulted 2001-2003) / 2001–2003 / Adult / 0.47% / KleinmanS79
Survey in Hmong residents in Minneapolis/St. Paul, USA / Self-reported / 2001–2004 / ≥18 / 6.5% / PortisS80
Survey in a random sample (NHANES) / Self-reported / 2007–2008 / >20 yrs / 3.9% / Yanyan ZhuS81
Venezuela / COPCORD Survey in in an urban community in Monagas State / Self-reported and verified by clinicians / 2011 / >15 / 0.3% / Ysabel GranadosS82

Supplementary Table 5: Prevalence of gout in Oceania

Country name / Setting / Definition / Calendar year of data collection / Age limits
(years) / Prevalence / Author
Australia / National Health Survey 1995 / Self-reported / 1995 / All ages / 1.44% / Australia Bureau of StatisticsS83
COPORD survey in aboriginals / Self-reported verified by clinical examination / 2002 / >15 / Aboriginal: 3.8%
Men: 7.0%
Women: 0.9% / MinaurS84
French Polynesia / Questionnaire survey for general practitioners / Physician recall / 2012 / All ages / 10% / PascartS85
Nauru / Survey / Self-reported (history of podagra) / 1966 / Adults / 3.5% / PriorS86
Survey / Self-reported (history of podagra) / 1978 / >20 / 3.5%
Men: 6.9%
Women: 0.4% / ZimmetS87
New Zealand / Survey in Maori population / Clinical and biochemical criteria / 1963 / >15 / Men: 5.5%
Women: 2% / RoseS88
Maori / Two podagra attacks / 1974 / >15 / 8.8% / BrauerS89
Survey in Rotorua city / ACR / 1992 / >15 / Maori: 6.4%
Europeans: 2.9% / KlempS90
Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners database / Consultation for gout in 12 months / 1996-1999 / All ages / 1.38% / TaylorS91
Health database using New Zealand Health Tracker / Physician diagnosis or receiving colchicine or allopurinol / 2009 / All-ages
>20 / 2.69%
3.75% / WinnardS92
Samoa / Survey / Self-reported (history of podagra) / 1966 / Adults / Rural: 4.2%
Urban: 5.3% / Prior86
Survey / Self-reported / 1978 / >20 / Men: 2.3%
Women: 1.3% / Livia93

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