ESGT Study Guide Chapter 4-5
1. What is atomic mass and atomic number ?
2. What sets all atoms of one element apart from all other elements?
3. How do you determine how many protons, electrons and neutrons can be found in an neutral atom?
4. Balance the following chemical equation: H2 + O2 --> H2O
5. What is the difference between coefficients and subscripts? How are each used in chemical formulas?
6. What is a chemical formula?
7. What are the 3 different kinds of chemical bonds discussed in class?
8. How are ions and isotopes different from one another?
9. How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
10. What are the most common elements in the Earth’s crust? How is this measured?
11. What are pure substance?
12. What are mixtures? Describe the different kinds of mixtures.
13. How do you determine if something is a mineral?
14. List and describe the properties used in identifying minerals (* hint: we used 5 out of 7). Explain which ones are least reliable? Which ones are most reliable?
15. What is crystalline structure? Do all minerals have the same structure?
16. What determines the density of a mineral?
17. Identify the following mineral using your textbook page 872-873
Yellow Opaque color; Metallic luster; scratches glass ; fracture ; black streak ; specific gravity 5
18. What are the characteristics of the following mineral groups
Silicate minerals – pyroxenes, amphiboles, orthoclase feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, olivines, quartz, ferromagnesian, biotite
Nonsilicate minerals – carbonates, halides, sulfides, sulfates, oxides and native elements