CITR – Grammar and Vocabulary List #2
II. Correct the following sentences:
1. He had a piercing on his nose, It was obvious that thing like earring wasn’t his style.
2. By his shows, he always want to take attention on him. He was a exhibitionist.
3. He pretended like he is an exhibitionist and tell all functions of this new machine.
4. After her secret relationship was revealed, her friends have lost their faith in her and ostracized her.
5. He always start a fight and other children don’t want him in their group, they ostracized him from the group.
III. Review of Verb Tense:
To Walk
Simple Present: They walk
Present Perfect: They have walked
Simple Past: They walked
Past Perfect: They had walked
Future: They will walk
Future Perfect: They will have walked
Note: Problems in sequencing tenses usually occur with the perfect tenses, all of which are formed by adding an auxiliary verb like be, can, do, may, must, ought, shall, will, has, have, had.
Present Perfect: Past participle with has or have. Action began in the past, but has continued to the present.
1. Betty taught for ten years. (simple past)
2. Betty has taught for ten years (present perfect)
1. John did his homework. He can go to the movies.
2. If John has done his homework, he can go to the movies.
Past Perfect: The action is in the past, but the action has been completed before another one.
1. John raised vegetables and later sold them (past)
2. John sold vegetables that he had raised (past perfect)
1. Renee washed the car when George arrived. (simple past)
2. Renee had washed the car when George arrived (past perfect)
Future Perfect: The action will have been completed at a specified time in the future.
1. Saturday I will finish my homework. (simple future)
2. By Saturday noon, I will have finished my housework. (future perfect)
General guideline: Do not shift from one tense to another if the time frame for each action or state is the same.
Examples:
1. The ocean contains rich minerals that washed down from rivers and streams.
Contains is present tense, referring to a current state; washed down is past, but should be present (wash down) because the minerals are currently continuing to wash down.
Corrected: The ocean contains rich minerals that wash down from rivers and streams.
2. About noon the sky darkened, a breeze sprang up, and a low rumble announces the approaching storm.
Darkened and sprang up are past tense verbs; announces is present but should be past (announced) to maintain consistency within the time frame.
Corrected: About noon the sky darkened, a breeze sprang up, and a low rumble announced the approaching storm.
3. Yesterday we had walked to school but later rode the bus home.
Had walked is past perfect tense but should be past to maintain consistency within the time frame (yesterday); rode is past, referring to an action completed before the current time frame.
Corrected: Yesterday we walked to school but later rode the bus home.
Exercise : Tense Consistency Exercise 1
Recognizing Shifts in Sentences
Check the following sentences for confusing shifts in tense. If the tense of each underlined verb expresses the time relationship accurately, write S (satisfactory). If a shift in tense is not appropriate, write U (unsatisfactory) and make necessary changes. In most cases with an inappropriate shift, there is more than one way to correct the inconsistency. Reading the sentences aloud will help you recognize differences in time.
___ 1. If the club limited its membership, it will have to raise its dues.
___ 2. While Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the telephone rang.
___ 3. Thousands of people will see the art exhibit by the time it closes.
___ 4. By the time negotiations began, many pessimists have expressed doubt about them.
___ 5. After Capt. James Cook visited Alaska on his third voyage, he is killed by Hawaiian islanders in 1779.
___ 6. I was terribly disappointed with my grade because I studied very hard.
___ 7. The moderator asks for questions as soon as the speaker has finished.
___ 8. Everyone hopes the plan would work.
___ 9. Harry wants to show his friends the photos he took last summer.
___ 10. Scientists predict that the sun will die in the distant future.
___ 11. The boy insisted that he has paid for the candy bars.
___ 12. The doctor suggested bed rest for the patient, who suffers from a bad cold.
Exercise : Tense Consistency Exercise 2
Completing Sentences
Complete these sentences, using the tense suggested.
1. We stand patiently, hoping that ____________________. (use future tense)
2. Advertisers seem to believe that ______________________. (use present tense)
3. By the time the fog lifted, ___________________________. (use past perfect tense)
4. We will leave for Florida as soon as __________________. (use present tense)
5. One student keeps repeating what __________________. (use present perfect tense)
6. Yesterday our track team competed in a meet that ___________________. (use past tense)
7. Before the crew paves a driveway, they always ____________________. (use present tense [habitual action])
8. Before the crew paves the driveway, they ______________________. (use future tense [one-time action])
9. By the time the letter arrives, _____________________. (use future perfect tense)
10. When the final report is published, _____________________. (use future tense)
III. CITR – Vocabulary List #2 Quiz – February 19 th
Hospitality Fiend Corridor Conscientious Incognito
Intoxicating Verification Jitterbug Affectionate Psychic
Figures of Speech:
Give someone the time
Lose your marbles
1. We appreciated the family’s hospitality because we didn’t have anywhere to stay.
2. Most people think that vampires are fiends thirty for blood.
3. She has frightened because the corridor was long, dark and empty.
4. Since the young girl was conscientious, she tried to stop the students from teasing the girl.
5. In order to be incognito, he wore a hat and dark glasses to the dinner party.
6. The special events of the evening were intoxicating.
7. They needed verification that he was a citizen of the country.
8. The woman just wanted to jitterbug even after the music had stopped.
9. The young man had a tendency to be too affectionate with women.
10. Since she needed to know the future, she visited a psychic.