Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet

Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet

Name ______

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.A hypothesis is a ____.

a. / conclusion / c. / control
b. / guess / d. / experiment

____2.The variable that you change intentionally in an experiment is called the ____.

a. / dependent variable / c. / control
b. / independent variable / d. / constant

____3.The factor that changes in an experiment that you have no control over.

a. / dependent variable / c. / control
b. / independent variable / d. / constant

____4.Which of these SI units is used to measure temperature?

a. / Milliliter / c. / Steven
b. / Kelvin / d. / Kilogram

____5.This consists of all of the living things on Earth and the environments they live in.

a. / Hydrosphere / c. / Biosphere
b. / Geosphere / d. / Trophosphere

____6.Quartz is a mineral; granite is ____.

a. / also a mineral / c. / a gem
b. / a rock / d. / an ore

____7.What is true about minerals?

a. / They are naturally occurring and inorganic. / c. / They are organic and inorganic.
b. / They can be synthetically produced. / d. / They are occasionally found in a liquid state.

____8.What is the Illinois State Mineral?

a. / Fluorite / c. / Sulfur
b. / Florinite / d. / Quartz

____9.There are about ______minerals overall in the earth’s crust

a. / 30 / c. / 3,000
b. / 30,000 / d. / 250

____10.Which of the following is NOT a test used to identify minerals?

a. / luster / c. / edibility
b. / cleavage / d. / streak

____11.When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.

a. / extrusive / c. / Clastic
b. / fine-grained / d. / intrusive

____12.Metamorphic rocks that show layers are classified as ____.

a. / nonfoliated / c. / foliated
b. / extrusive / d. / intrusive

____13.Minerals always exist in a(n) ____ form.

a. / liquid / c. / solid
b. / gaseous / d. / organic

____14.Silver, gold, and copper have shiny surfaces and thus are said to have ____.

a. / dull luster / c. / waxy luster
b. / metallic luster / d. / nonmetallic luster

____15.Why can’t color be used to identify the Illinois State Mineral?

a. / It has no color / c. / It can’t be used as jewlery
b. / It comes in only one color / d. / It has too many varieties of color

____16.Mineral crystals can form from 2 different ways. What are the two things minerals can form in?

a. / Magma and Soil / c. / Solutions and Atmosphere
b. / Soil and Solutions / d. / Magma and Solutions

____17.A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are ____.

a. / chemical or organic / c. / foliated or nonfoliated
b. / intrusive or extrusive / d. / basaltic or granite

____18.Extrusive, igneous rocks include all of the following EXCEPT ____.

a. / gneiss / c. / basalt
b. / scoria / d. / pumice

____19.The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce ____ mineral grains.

a. / tiny / c. / fine-grained
b. / invisible / d. / large

____20.When lava cools outside of the earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.

a. / extrusive / c. / intrusive
b. / metamorphic / d. / coarse-grained

____21.Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive.

a. / above / c. / on
b. / below / d. / all of the above

____22.Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.

a. / magma / c. / neither a nor b
b. / lava / d. / both a and b

____23.Foliated rocks are identified by ____.

a. / layers / c. / large mineral grains
b. / lack of layers / d. / air holes

____24.Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks.

a. / extrusive metamorphic / c. / intrusive metamorphic
b. / extrusive igneous / d. / intrusive igneous

____25.All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____.

a. / exposure to air / c. / heat
b. / the presence of hot, watery fluids / d. / pressure

____26.The youngest part of the ocean floor is found ____.

a. / along deep sea trenches
b. / where ocean sediments are thickest
c. / near mid-ocean ridges
d. / where Earth’s magnetic field changes polarity

____27.Which feature would you find at a divergent boundary

a. / two plates sliding past eachother
b. / Mt. St. Helens
c. / San Andreas Fault
d. / Great Rift Valley

____28.Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ____.

a. / Wegener couldn’t explain why or how the continents moved
b. / continental landmasses were too big to move slowly over Earth’s surface
c. / magnetic and sonar data proved that Wegener’s hypothesis was incorrect
d. / mantle convection currents weren’t in motion at that time

____29.Compared to ocean crust near deep-sea trenches, crust near ocean ridges is ____.

a. / younger / c. / the same age
b. / older / d. / magnetically reversed

____30.The magnetic pattern of ocean-floor rocks on one side of an ocean ridge is ____.

a. / a mirror image of that of the other side
b. / younger than on the other side
c. / much different from the magnetic pattern found in rocks on land
d. / at right angles to the ocean ridge

____31.Features found at divergent boundaries include ____.

a. / ocean ridges / c. / crumpled mountains
b. / deep-sea trenches / d. / island arc volcanoes

____32.Continental-continental plate collisions produce ____.

a. / island arcs / c. / deep-sea trenches
b. / rift valleys / d. / very tall mountain ranges

____33.Crust is neither destroyed nor formed along which of the following boundaries?

a. / convergent / c. / transform
b. / divergent / d. / magnetic

____34.A vast, underwater mountain chain is called a(n) ______.

a. / deep-sea trench / c. / mid-ocean ridge
b. / mid-oceanic crust / d. / mid-ocean floor sediment

____35.______is defined as the study of the history of earth’s magnetic field.

a. / paleogeology / c. / paleomagnetism
b. / ocean topography / d. / magnetic symmetry

____36.What is the longitude of the prime meridian?

a. / 0° / c. / 90° west
b. / 90° east / d. / 180°

____37.On a topographic map, the difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the ____.

a. / contour interval / c. / depression contour
b. / index contour / d. / hachure

Use the topographic map to answer the questions.

____38.Which represents the greater rise in elevation, point C to point A or point B to point A?

a. / point C to point A / c. / both represent the same rise in elevation
b. / point B to point A / d. / neither because both are a drop in elevation.

____39.How much of a rise in elevation exists from point D to point C?

a. / 50 / c. / 100
b. / 150 / d. / 350

____40.Each degree of latitude or longitude is divided into 60 smaller units called ____.

a. / meridians / c. / seconds
b. / grids / d. / minutes

Use the diagram to answer the questions.

____41.According to the diagram, which Hawaiian Island is the oldest?

a. / Loihi / c. / Kauai
b. / Hawaii / d. / Molokai

____42.Where would the most active volcano be located on this diagram?

a. / Maui / c. / Oahu
b. / Kauai / d. / Hawaii

____43.Types of plutons include ____.

a. / shields, cinder-cones, and composites
b. / vents, craters, and calderas
c. / dust, ash, lapilli, volcanic blocks, and volcanic bombs
d. / batholiths, stocks, sills, dikes, and laccoliths

____44.What type of eruptions do Shield Volcanoes have?

a. / Pyroclastic / c. / Felsic
b. / Non-pyroclastic / d. / Pluton

____45.Hawaii can be found at a

a. / Subduction Zone / c. / Hot Spot
b. / Plate Boundary / d. / Atlantic Ocean

____46.On a map a line of Latitude stretches

a. / across from left to right / c. / from bottom to top
b. / across from top to bottom / d. / up and down

____47.Bombs, Blocks and ash are the solid particles that come out of the volcano, they can all be classified as

a. / Subduction / c. / Metamorphic
b. / Composite Cone / d. / Tephra

____48.The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is a ____ fault.

a. / blind / c. / strike-slip
b. / normal / d. / reverse

____49.The instrument (piece of equipment) that records vibrations caused by earthquakes is called a

a. / seismoburt / c. / seismometer
b. / seismogram / d. / earthquake detector thingamabob

____50.What type of plate boundary would you find a Reverse Fault

a. / Convergent / c. / Transform
b. / Divergent

____51.What type of plate boundary would you find a Strike-Slip Fault

a. / Convergent / c. / Transform
b. / Divergent

____52.What type of plate boundary would you find a Normal Fault

a. / Convergent / c. / Transform
b. / Divergent

____53.The most destructive seismic waves are ____.

a. / primary waves / c. / P-waves
b. / secondary waves / d. / surface waves

____54.The ____ waves are the first to reach a seismograph after an earthquake.

a. / surface / c. / primary
b. / secondary / d. / tsunami

____55.When the force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called ____.

a. / faults / c. / strains
b. / earthquakes / d. / stresses

____56.The point inside the earth where faulting starts and is the origin of the earthquake

a. / Focus / c. / Seismometer
b. / Epicenter

____57.When magma crystalizes it forms a(n) ______rock.

a. / Metamorphic / c. / Sedimentary
b. / Igneous / d. / Non-foliated

____58.What two things are needed to create a metamorphic rock?

a. / Heat and Pressure / c. / Fire and water
b. / Pressure and Igneous Rocks / d. / Melting and Physical weathering

____59What is another word that can be used instead of intrusive

a. / Foliated / c. / Non-foliated
b. / Plutonic / d. / Volcanic

____60.____ is a fossil fern (plant) that helped support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift.

a. / Gondwanaland / c. / Mesosaurus
b. / Kannemeyerid / d. / Glossopteris

____61.The equator represents 0º longitude. (T/F)

____62.All volcanoes form at plate boundaries. (T/F)

Use the diagram to answer the questions.

____63.The volcano shown with its long, gentle slopes would best be described as a shield volcano. (T/F)

____64.A pluton is an intrusive metamorphic rock body formed from magma. (T/F)

____65.The strain which causes a material to pull apart is known as ____.

a. / stress / c. / tension
b. / compression / d. / shear

Use the diagram to answer the questions.

____66.Which point marks the epicenter of the earthquake?

a. / A / c. / C
b. / B / d. / D

____67.At which point will the most damage as a result of the earthquake occur?

a. / A / c. / C
b. / B / d. / D

Use the graph to answer the questions.

____68.A seismogram is located 4500 miles away from the epicenter of an earthquake. What is the difference in time between when the P-waves reach the seismogram and the S-waves reach the seismogram?

a. / 5 1/2 minutes / c. / 10 minutes
b. / 3 minutes / d. / 22 minutes

____69.P-waves reaches a seismogram 6 minutes after an earthquake occurs and the S-waves arrive 3 and a half minutes later. How far is the seismogram from the earthquakes epicenter?

a. / 1000 km / c. / 3000 km
b. / 2000 km / d. / 4000 km

____70.A ____ fault forms as a result of compression.

a. / blind / c. / strike-slip
b. / normal / d. / reverse

Matching

Match the following steps of an experiment with their order in the scientific method.

a. / first / e. / fifth
b. / second / f. / sixth
c. / third / g. / seventh
d. / fourth

____71.communicate the results

____72.identify the problem

____73.gather information through research/observations

____74.testing the hypothesis (Experiment)

____75.draw conclusions

____76.analyze results

____77.develop a hypothesis

78. Using the following information to create a graph and include all parts of graph.

Favorite Chicago sports teams

• Bears  35 people
• Bulls 20 people
• Blackhawks  10 people
• Cubs  25 people
• White Sox 15 people
• Fire  5 people

Use the terms below to identify the subject that each branch of earth science would study

a. / Astronomy / d. / oceanography
b. / Meteorology / e. / environmental science
c. / geology

____79.Interactions of organisms and their surroundings

____80.Materials that make up the Earth

____81.Objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere

____82.Forces that produce storms and different weather patterns

____83.Features and creatures that live in salt water