DNA and Genetics

Who are you?

• DNA controls your ______

• DNA is given to each new ______in the cell cycle to ensure that ______and ______are maintained.

DNA Structure

• DNA has a structure we call a ______

Bases are Important!

• There are four ______bases:

– ______( ___)

• The order of these bases along a strand of DNA codes for your ______

DNA is Picky

• Just like a model wearing a suit jacket with suit pants, or a t-shirt with blue jeans, ______only pairs with ______and ______only pairs with ______.

• You put ______(A) in your ______(T)

• You put ______(G) in your ______(C)

Nucleotides

· Each of the 4 nitrogen bases will join with a ______and a ______to make a nucleotide

· DNA is made of a sequence of ______

DNA Replication

• DNA will ______, and allow for 2 new ______to be made.

• How?

– Uses the ______to see what piece needs to be added to the ______next

DNA Replication

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU

Grasshoppers

• Walter Sutton studied sex cells in grasshoppers

– Found ______chromosomes in “______”

– What???

Sex Cells

• Humans have ______chromosomes in ______

• Where does your DNA come from?

– Half from ______, half from ______

– How many chromosomes in sex cells?

• ______

• Body cells have ______(46 total) of chromosomes

– Why pairs?

• ______

Meiosis

• Process of creating ______from a ______

• One cell will undergo division ______, creating ______sex cells

How does this all fit together?

· DNA gets ______and wound tight to form a ______

Genes

• Genes are found on ______

• Genes have multiple ______

– ______and ______

– Each body cell has about ______genes

Protein synthesis

• The order of the ______controls what ______is to be made

– DNA is the ______for making proteins

• Protein synthesis takes place in two steps

– ______

Transcription

• The process of ______

______

• This copy is known as ______

• ______is the messenger that carries the “code” to the ______?

• Video

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

Translation

· ______is the information that arrives at the ______

o Site of protein production

· Every 3 nucleotides on the mRNA is called a ______

o Each codon “codes” for a specific ______to be added to the growing chain

· ______carries the amino acid and adds it to the chain

· ______connects all of the amino acids in the chain together

· Finished chain of amino acids is your protein!

· https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

Mutations

• A mutation affects the way that proteins are made, which changes a trait about a person

– ______a base pair

– ______/______a base pair

• Mutations can be good and bad

– Mutation that turns a rabbit white

• Help or hurt survival chances in a snowy area?

• ______

• Help or hurt survival chances in a wooded area?

• ______

– Mutation that increases resistance to bacteria

• Help or hurt survival chances?

• ______

DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Comparison

· Both ______

______

· Both ______

DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Comparison

· DNA Replication

o ______

· Protein Synthesis

o ______