Developmental Disabilities

Handout 2

I.  Describe the 2 types of mental retardation that are determined at the time of conception: Chromosomal abnormalities & Gene determined disorders

  1. Humans are made up of ______
  2. ______
  3. Chromatin à ______
  4. ______like structure
  5. Composed of

1)  ______

2)  Deoxyribonucleic acid (______)

3)  ______


Somatic cells / / Sex Cells /
_____ pairs
Diploid cells contain ______sets of chromosomes
Total______
-  ______
-  ______/ Only have ______
______representative
Divide by / Divide by
II.  Differentiate between meiosis & mitosis and describe the stages of meiosis and mitosis
Mitosis / Meiosis
______cell division
Divides ______time
Results / ______division
Divides ______time
Results
  1. Mitosis
  2. (Interphase: ______)
  3. ______double
  4. ______phase
  5. ______double
  6. ______phase
  7. ______dissolves
  8. ______centrioles
  9. Micro - ______attach
  10. ______phase
  11. Chromosomes ______
  12. ______phase
  13. Chromosomes ______
  14. ______phase
  15. Cell ______begins
  16. Cytokinesis
  17. ______daughter cells
  18. ______
  19. Meiosis
  20. One diploid cell à ______haploid cells
  21. Genetic ______
  22. Independent ______
  23. ______- over
  24. Interphase
  25. Chromosomes ______
  26. ______phase 1
  27. Chromosome ______up with their ______pair
  28. ______together (synapsis) à ______
  29. *______-over can occur
  30. ______phase 1
  31. ______phase 1
  32. ______phase 1
  33. ______1st meiotic cell division
  34. ______
  35. ______phase 2
  36. ______& ______towards equator
  37. ______phase 2
  38. ______
  39. ______phase 2
  40. ______separate
  41. Move toward opposite ______
  42. ______phase 2
  43. Cytokinesis
  44. Meiosis – error
  45. Most common:
  46. ______pair
  47. ______zygote à ______syndrome

III.  Explain how the presence or absence of a Y chromosome determines the sex of an individual.

  1. ______autosomes
  2. ______sex chromosomes
  3. ______= female
  4. ______= Male
  5. What is a chromosome
  6. Located in cell ______
  7. Composed of ______coiled around ______called ______
  8. Constriction point = ______
  9. How many Chromosomes do people have?
  10. ______pairs
  11. Total ______
  12. ______autosomes
  13. ______(# _____)
  14. Female: ______
  15. Male: ______
  16. Chromosome abnormalities
  17. Numerical Abnormalities
  18. ______chromosome à ______
  19. ______chromosomes of a pair à ______
  20. Structural abnormalities
  21. Deletion: ______
  22. Duplication: ______
  23. Translocation: ______
  24. Inversion: ______

IV.  Explain how the presence or absence of a Y chromosome determines the sex of an individual.

  1. Haploid / ______cells, due to reduction have ______chromosomes

V.  Explain the relationship between the following nitrogenous bases in forming an individuals genetic code: Adenine; Thymine; Guanine; Cytosine

VI.  Define and explain the relationship between DNA & RNA

  1. DNA: ______
  2. Carrier ______
  3. ______nitrogenous bases
  4. RNA: ______the code: ______
  5. ______à ______(moves out of ______into ______) + ______(factory) à ______(___) à ______à ______cells à ______à ______à ______organism

VII.  Describe the role & function of: Operator genes; Structural genes; Regulator genes

  1. Gene – functional unit of ______
  2. Composed of______
  3. Structural gene: Determines the ______
  4. Operator gene: ______
  5. Regulator gene: ______
  6. What kind of gene mutations are possible
  7. Altered DNA ______

VIII.  Identify the trait carry elements of heredity

IX.  Differentiate between autosomal dominant inheritance and autosomal recessive inheritance

  1. Gregor ______
  2. ______
  3. Experimented with ______
  4. Identifies ______basic patterns of inheritance
  5. Punnett Squares
  1. Autosomal Recessive inheritance
  1. Examples: ______
  2. Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
  1. Examples: ______
  1. X-links Recessive inheritance
  1. Examples: ______
  1. X-Links Dominant inheritance
  1. Examples: ______

X.  Define and explain what is included in karyotype

XI.  Identify the various morphological features commonly seen in the D.D. client:

  1. Head & face
  2. ______
  3. Unusual ______whorls
  4. Ear:
  5. Microtia______
  6. ______set ear
  7. Jaw
  8. Micrognathia: ______
  9. Eye
  10. ______
  11. ______eye movement
  12. Extremities
  13. ______palmar crease
  14. ______of the feet
  15. ______
  16. ______gap deformity

Elizabeth Keele

handout 2 1/10/2014 1