Bangladesh Microfinance Statistics 2013
Development of Microfinance
Sector in Bangladesh
Development of microfinance sector In Bangladesh
Bangladesh has been viewed as the synonym for microcredit over the last few decades. The data on microfinance industry of the country have been drawing greater attention of researchers, academicians, development practitioners and policy makers at home and abroad. This analytical part of Microfinance Statistics 2013 presents picture of the changes in different aspects of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). In 2013, a total of 550 MFIs including Grameen Bank (GB) provided microfinance related information, which was 540 MFIs in 2012.
Institutionally, microcredit is provided through direct providers as well as apex lenders. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are the main direct providers which are basically non-government organizations (NGOs). This review has labeled them here as 'MF-NGOs', Grameen Bank (GB), Palli Daridra Bimochon Foundation (PDBF) and Rural Development Scheme (RDS) of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. (IBBL). Palli Karma-Shahayak Foundation (PKSF) and the banks – both public and private were the two main sectors for the wholesale funding over the reporting year 2013.
1.1. Outreach of MFIs
This review used number of branches, loan coverage, net savings and loans outstanding etc that reflect institutional and financial strength of the MFIs to assess the extent of their outreach in 2013 vis-à-vis 2012.
1.1.1. Number of Branches: The total number of branches of the reporting MFIs was 18,266 as on December 2013 while this was 17,890 in 2012 registering an increase by 2.1% (Table 1.1.1). The MF-NGOs together had the highest number of branches with around 82.25 percent share of the total sector, followed by the single largest MFI, GB with a share of 14.05 percent in 2013. The number of branches of GB was 2,567 in 2012 with no new addition of branches over the reporting year 2013. The number of branches of Rural Development Scheme (RDS) of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. (IBBL) has increased to 240 in 2013 from 207 in 2012 (16% growth).
Table 1.1.1: Distribution of MFI branches
Items / Branch as of December / Number of Branch per MFI2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012 / Growth in Branch over 2012 (%)
MF-NGOs / 15,135 / 14,759 / 28 / 27 / 3.70
Grameen Bank / 2,567 / 2,567 / 2,567 / 2,567 / 0.00
PDBF / 390 / 357 / 390 / 357 / 9.24
RDS (IBBL) / 240 / 207 / 240 / 207 / 15.94
Grand Total / 18,332 / 17,890 / 33 / 33 / 2.1
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013
1.1.2. Active Members: As on December 2013, the total number of active members of microfinance sector was 33.67 million (see Table 1.1.2).
The table shows that the MF-NGOs have slightly over 23.46 million members in 2013 with the highest share of nearly 70% of the sector, which was nearly 71 percent in 2012. Grameen Bank has more than 8.54 million members constituting over 25% in 2013, RDS (IBBL) and PDBF constitute almost equal share (2.48 and 2.46% respectively) of the total sector.
Member per MFI has reduced to 61,002 in 2013 from 62,205 in 2012, which shows 1.93% decrease over 2012. But GB, PBDF and RDS-IBBL marked considerable growth in membership.
Table 1.1.2: Distribution of active members
Items / Active Member as on December / Member per MFI2013 / % of total in 2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012 / Growth over 2012 (%)
MF-NGOs / 23,464,946 / 69.68 / 23,871,924 / 42,741 / 44,289 / -3.50
Grameen Bank / 8,543,977 / 25.37 / 8,373,893 / 8,543,977 / 8,373,893 / 2.03
PDBF / 828,191 / 2.46 / 735,622 / 828,191 / 735,622 / 12.58
RDS (IBBL) / 836,227 / 2.48 / 733,520 / 836,227 / 733,520 / 14.00
Grand Total / 33,673,341 / 100.00 / 33,714,959 / 61,002 / 62,205 / -1.93
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013
1.1.3. Borrowers: For the year 2013, this review found an overall downward trend in borrowers with a small upward trend in MF-NGOs, PDBF and RDS-IBBL. The total number of borrowers in microfinance sector as on December 2013 was found 26.73 million, which was 26.90 million in 2012 (Table 1.1.3) registering an overall annual decline of 2.42% over 2012. The total share of borrower of MF-NGOs was found to be the highest (70.84%) in 2013 serving over 18.93 million borrowers, while Grameen Bank share was 25.21% followed by PDBF (1.96%) and RDS-IBBL (1.99%).
This review found that the RDS (IBBL) has the highest annual growth of borrower by slightly more than 12% in 2013 over 2012 followed by PDBF (11.76%). Borrower per MFI was increased to 34,488 in 2013 from 34,167 in 2012 with an annual per MFI growth of 0.94%. Overall borrower per MFI was reduced to 48,420 in 2013 from 49,623 in 2012 with an annual per MFI decline of 2.42%.
Furthermore, it was revealed that the ratio of borrower to active member of MF-NGOs including Grameen Bank has reduced to nearly 78.88% in 2013 compared to 2012 (89.93%).
Table 1.1.3: Distribution of borrower
Items / Borrower as on December (in No.) / Borrower per MFI2013 / % of total in 2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012 / Borrower growth over 2012 (%)
MF-NGOs / 18,933,795 / 70.84 / 18,415,896 / 34,488 / 34,167 / 0.94
Grameen Bank / 6,738,588 / 25.21 / 7,536,504 / 6,738,588 / 7,536,504 / -10.59
PDBF / 523,416 / 1.96 / 468,349 / 523,416 / 468,349 / 11.76
RDS (IBBL) / 532,235 / 1.99 / 474,766 / 532,235 / 474,766 / 12.10
Grand Total / 26,728,034 / 100.00 / 26,895,515 / 48,420 / 49,623 / -2.42
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013.
1.2. Deepening of Microfinance Services
1.2.1. Loan Disbursement: This review found that on the whole this sector achieved a considerable increase in loans disbursement to the individual borrowers in 2013. The amount of loans disbursed to the individual borrowers was Tk 592,627.58 million in 2013 compared to Tk. 518,171.23 million during the year 2012. This showed a growth of 14.37%.
Table 1.2.1: Annual loan disbursement and recovery rate
(Taka in Million)
Items / Annual Loan Disbursement / Change in Loan Disbursement over 2012 / Recovery Rate (%)2013 / 2012 / Amount / In % / 2013 / 2012
Retail Lending: / 592,627.58 / 518,171.23 / 74,456.35 / 14.37 / 94.92 / -
(1) MF-NGOs / 440,815.27 / 379,493.08 / 61,322.19 / 16.16 / 94.91 / 98.21
(2) Grameen Bank / 126,026.30 / 118,608.80 / 7,417.50 / 6.25 / 99.69 / 98.31
(3) PDBF / 6,263.40 / 5,539.60 / 723.80 / 13.07 / 98.00 / 98.00
(4) RDS (IBBL) / 19,522.61 / 14,529.75 / 4,992.86 / 34.36 / 100.00 / 100.00
Wholesale Lending by PKSF / 27,375.36 / 23,649.41 / 3,725.95 / 15.75 / 98.47 / 98.16
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013
MF-NGOs as a group disbursed loans of Tk 440.815 billion in 2013 as against Tk. 379.493 billion in 2012. In continuation of the previous year’s upward trend, the growth reflects continued expansion of market outreach of the sector.
Grameen Bank (GB), as a single institution remains at the top with the annual loans disbursement of Tk 126.026 billion in 2013 as against Tk.118.61 billion in 2012, occupying more than 22 percent of the market share, which is slightly more than that of last year. The GB disbursed around 6.25 percent more loans in 2013 compared to 2012.
PDBF as the only public sector MFI in the country experienced increased loan disbursement in 2013. It had an annual disbursement of Tk. 6.26 billion in 2013 from Tk. 5.54 billion in 2012. The amount disbursed by PDBF was Tk. 0.723 billion higher with a growth rate of around 13 percent in 2013 compared to 2012. The share of PDBF on the sector’s total loan disbursement was around 1.10 percent over the year 2013.
IBBL replicates Grameen model and directly implements Rural Development Scheme (RDS). The IBBL is the only commercial bank that directly implements group-based microfinance program. The annual loan disbursement of RDS of IBBL was 19.52 billion compared to Tk. 14.53 billion in 2012 with 34.36 percent annual growth rate in 2013 over 2012, which was the highest growth amongst others in the sector.
Pally Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), the single largest apex body of microfinance in the country established in 1990 to finance MF-NGOs and other providers in order to broaden credit supply to poor households, provided Tk. 27.37 billion through its partner MF-NGOs during the year 2013 while the figure was Tk. 23.64 billion during the year 2012. The annual increase was nearly Tk. 3.72 billion in 2013 with growth rate of around 15.75 percent compared to 2012.
The overall loan recovery rate of the sector was 98.47 percent in 2013 which is a little higher than that of 2012 (98.16%). The recovery rate of MF-NGOs was 94.91 percent much lower than GB (99.69%). PDBF recovered the loans during 2013 and 2012 at a constant rate of 98.00 percent. Only RDS showed 100 percent recovery of loans in 2013 like the past two years (2011, 2012) exhibiting outstanding performance.
1.2.2. Microcredit as Percentage of Bank Credit: Bank credit is one of the major indicators for assessing the deepening of microcredit. In 2013, the volume of total bank credit was Tk. 6,059,694 million, which was Tk 4,404,880 m in 2012 marking an annual growth of nearly 37.57%. On the other hand, annual microcredit loan disbursement of reported MFIs was Tk. 592,627.58 million in 2013 and 518,171.23 in 2012 marking an increase of 14.37% (Table 1.2.2). Thus, annual loan disbursement per MFIs increased to Tk 1,073.60 million in 2013 from 956.04 million in 2012.with an annual growth of nearly 12.30%.
The contribution of microfinance sector in loan/credit disbursement was more than 7.27% compared to banking sector in 2013, which was 8.62% in 2012. Amongst the four different groups MF-NGOs had the highest share in 2013 (7.27%) followed by GB (2.08%), PDBF (0.10%) and RDS (0.32%), which has similarity with those in 2012 (Table: 1.2.2).
Table 1.2.2: Deepening of microcredit in relation to bank credit by year (January-December)
(Taka in million)
Sources of Microcredit / Annual Loan Disbursement / Total Bank Credit / Microcredit as % of Bank Credit2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012
MF-NGOs / 440,815.27 / 379,493.08 / 6,059,694 / 4,404,880 / 7.27 / 8.62
Grameen Bank / 126,026.30 / 118,608.80 / 2.08 / 2.69
PDBF / 6,263.40 / 5,539.60 / 0.10 / 0.13
RDS (IBBL) / 19,522.61 / 14,529.75 / 0.32 / 0.33
Total / 592,627.58 / 518,171.23 / 6,059,694 / 4,404,880 / 9.78 / 11.76
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013 and Bangladesh Bank Bulletin, October-December 2012 and Bangladesh Bank Monthly Economic Trend, March 2014
1.2.3. Microcredit as Percentage of Agriculture GDP: This review further found that in 2013, MFIs loan disbursement increased nearly 10.15% per annum, while, total agricultural GDP in Bangladesh has increased to Tk1,726,600 m from Tk1,567,500 m (Revised) in 2012 (Table 1.2.3) . Microcredit disbursement was Tk. 592,627.58 million in 2013, which is 34.32 percent of agriculture GDP. It is 1.27% higher than that of 2012 (33.06%). The loan disbursement share of 549 MF-NGOs was 25.53 percent of the agricultural GDP in 2013, while GB contributed 7.3 percent, PDBF 0.36 percent and RDS 1.13 percent of agricultural GDP. Shares of these groups compared to agricultural credit were 24.21%, 7.57%, 0.35% and 0.93% respectively in 2012 from which it is clear that share of microfinance compared to agricultural GDP remained more or less same over the years 2012 and 2013.
The table further shows that annual growth in the loan disbursements of the MFIs was 12.30% in 2013 over 2012, while agriculture GDP growth was as high as 34.32% percent.
Table 1.2.3: Deepening of microcredit in relation to agricultural GDP by year
(Taka in million)
Sources of Microcredit / Annual Loan Disbursement / Agricultural GDP / Percentage of Agricultural GDP2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012
MF-NGOs / 440,815.27 / 379,493.08 / 1,726,600 / 1,567,500 / 25.53 / 24.21
Grameen Bank / 126,026.30 / 118,608.80 / 7.30 / 7.57
PDBF / 6,263.40 / 5,539.60 / 0.36 / 0.35
RDS (IBBL) / 19,522.61 / 14,529.75 / 1.13 / 0.93
Total / 592,627.58 / 518,171.23 / 1,726,600 / 1,567,500 / 34.32 / 33.06
Source: CDF survey 2012-2013 and Bangladesh Bank Bulletin, October-December 2012.and Bangladesh Bank Quarterly, January-March 2014
1.2.4. Deepening through Member’s Savings: Microcredit program outreach expanded in terms of savings mobilization.
The total amount of micro-savings by 550 MFIs was Tk 192,810.18 in 2013 compared to Tk.157,888.40 million in 2012 (Table 1.2.4) showing an increase of Tk 34,921.78 m over 2012 indicating an appreciable annual growth of 22.12%. Similarly, the bank deposits increased nearly 17.48 percent from Tk 5,340,180 m in 2012 to Tk 6,273,377 m in 2013. The table further shows that the share of MFIs in the total savings was around 2.98 percent in 2013, which was 2.87 percent in 2012 showing only 0.11% higher than the previous year. The total amount of savings by MFIs and banks deposit in 2013 was Tk 6,466,187.18 m, which was Tk. 5,498,068.40 million in 2012 registering a growth of about 17.61 percent in 2013.
Table 1.2.4: Micro-savings as compared to bank deposits
(Taka in Million)
Items / Total as on December / Annual Change / Growth (%)2013 / 2012 / 2013 over 2012 / 2013 over 2012
Micro-savings* / 192,810.18 / 157,888.40 / 34,921.78 / 22.12
Deposits of Banks / 6,273,377.00 / 5,340,180.00 / 933,197 / 17.48
Grand Total / 6,466,187.18 / 5,498,068.40 / 968,118.78 / 17.61
Note: * MF-NGOs and Grameen Bank.
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013 and Bangladesh Bank Bulletin, October-December 2012. BB Monetary Policy Dept, Fortnightly Statement, Jan 31, 2014
1.3 Staff Employed in Microfinance Sector
In microfinance sector both direct and indirect (referring to the self-employment generation of the borrowing household members through utilizing microcredit) employment is created for the poor community members. This review has, however, considered only the direct employment creation as outcome of the program intervention, although total employment generation by lenders and borrowers would be much higher than the employment being created directly. The CDF survey 2013 shows that the total number of staff of reported 552 MFIs (including GB, PDBF and RDS) as on December 2013 was 233,901 compared to 230,522 in 2012 (Table 1.3) registering an increase of about 1.47% over the preceding year.
MF-NGOs contributed most to the employment creation, and they have created a large number of employment opportunities in terms of staff strength of 205,955 in 2013, which was 88.05% of total microfinance sector, while Grameen Bank occupied almost 9.34% followed by PDBF (1.46%) and RDS-IBBL (1.14%).
The table further shows that during the reporting year (2013), employment generated in the microfinance sector was 233,901 as against 54,061,200 in the country. Thus, overall contribution of microfinance sector as represented by the 552 respondent institutions in this survey was only nearly 0.43% of the total employment in the country. From this, it is also clear that individual contribution of the MF-NGOs, GB, PDBF and RDS (IBBL) will not be very significant.
Table 1.3: Share of microfinance staff of labor force employed
Items / Total Staff in Microfinance as on December / Employed Labor Force in 2013 / Share of Microfinance Staff (%)2013 / % of total / 2012 / % of total / 2013 / 2012
MF-NGOs / 205,955 / 88.05 / 203,597 / 88.32 / 54,061,200 / 0.38 / 0.38
Grameen Bank / 21,851 / 9.34 / 22,261 / 9.66 / 0.04 / 0.04
PDBF / 3,421 / 1.46 / 2,510 / 1.09 / 0.01 / 0.00
RDS (IBBL) / 2,674 / 1.14 / 2,154 / 0.93 / 0.00 / 0.00
Grand Total / 233,901 / 100.00 / 230,522 / 100.00 / 54,061,200 / 0.43 / 0.43
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013 and BBS Statistics/Report
1.4. Members’ Net Savings and Loans Outstanding
Members’ savings is considered as an important indicator of strength or weakness of microfinance program. Mobilization of savings from group members is one of the most widely practiced supplementary activities in microfinance. Members’ savings play dual role: on the one hand it is financial wealth for the members and on the other hand, it is a source of finance for the MFIs. Mobilization of savings by the lending agencies is a part of the process of asset creation by the members and as a process of confirming a sort of collateral against the loans advanced to them. This review considered the same number of MFIs to compare net savings and loans outstanding for the years 2013 and 2012 as the information are available from the CDF survey 2013.
1.4.1. Members’ Net Savings: Table 1.4.1 below presents net savings by the members of different microfinance sectors. This review found that net savings mobilized by the members of MFIs at the end of 2013 was Tk 199,977.66 million which was Tk. 163,439.87 million in 2012 with an increase of Tk. 36,537.79 million. The overall growth rate of net saving was around 22.36 percent in 2013 over 2012. The increased amount of net savings by MF-NGOs in 2013 was Tk. 21,873.23 million which yield a growth rate of 27.78 percent. GB, a single institution showed a huge increase of Tk. 13,048.60 million at a growth rate of around 16.48 percent in 2013. The net savings mobilized by the members of PDBF and RDS has also increased. The growths were significant for both the organizations. RDS achieved the highest annual growth rate of as high as around 32 percent.
The share of MF-NGOs in the total net savings by the sector was 50.31 percent while GB as the single MFI, contributed 46.11% percent of the total amount in 2013 and the rest of 3.58 percent was jointly contributed by PDBF and RDS (IBBL). These ratios were found to be very similar to those of the last year 2012 signifying consistency in the growth of these indicators.
Table1.4.1: Distribution of members’ net savings
(Taka in Million)
Items / Net Savings as on December / Change in Net Savings over 20122013 / % of total / 2012 / % of total / Amount / In %
MF-NGOs / 100,599.18 / 50.31 / 78,725.95 / 48.17 / 21,873.23 / 27.78
Grameen Bank / 92,211.00 / 46.11 / 79,162.40 / 48.44 / 13,048.60 / 16.48
PDBF / 2,789.50 / 1.39 / 2,229.00 / 1.36 / 560.50 / 25.15
RDS (IBBL) / 4,377.98 / 2.19 / 3,322.52 / 2.03 / 1,055.46 / 31.77
Grand Total / 199,977.66 / 100.00 / 163,439.87 / 100.00 / 36,537.79 / 22.36
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013. ** Estimated from 1,212.99 ml up to July 2009 and 1,629.00 ml up to June 2010 by applying linear growth rate.
1.4.2. Loans Outstanding: The total loans outstanding of 552 MFIs (including GB, PDBF and RDS-IBBL) was Tk. 365,981.54 million in 2013 compared to Tk. 325,051.12 million in 2012 (Table 1.4.2). The outstanding loan per MFI has increased to Tk 663.01 million from Tk 599.73 million in 2012 with an annual growth of 10.55%. The highest growth in loan outstanding was observed in RDS with the growth of 32.15 percent followed by per MF-NGOs (12.20%), PDBF (16.07%) and Grameen Bank (5.06%).
Table 1.4.2: Distribution of outstanding loan
(Taka in Million)
Items / Loans Outstanding as of December / Loans Outstanding per MFIs2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012 / Change in 2013 over 2012 (%)
MF-NGOs / 263,668.22 / 230,722.51 / 480.27 / 428.06 / 12.20
Grameen Bank / 84,385.00 / 80,321.50 / 84385.00 / 80,321.50 / 5.06
PDBF / 4,197.40 / 3,616.40 / 4197.40 / 3,616.40 / 16.07
RDS (IBBL) / 13,730.92 / 10,390.71 / 13730.92 / 10,390.71 / 32.15
Grand Total / 365,981.54 / 325,051.12 / 663.01 / 599.73 / 10.55
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013
1.5. Sources of Fund
This section shows that MF-NGOs explored many sources for fund generation. The distribution of sources of fund as on December 2013 has been presented here and sources of fund of MFIs were categorized into 12 major categories. Among them the major contributors were found to be members’ savings, own fund, PKSF, banks, and surplus income. The other sources were public deposit, reserve fund, loan revolving fund, emergency fund, insurance fund, grant by donors, international NGOs, local NGOs and others. Local NGOs includes BRAC, ASA, and PROSHIKA. Table 1.5 presents the fund by sources and Figure 1.5.1 shows the major contributors with percentages for the year 2013.
This review found from available data that all the MFIs mobilized loan funds by using Members’ Net Savings (99.82%) followed by Excess Income (82.36%), Insurance Fund (67.09%) and Own Fund (51.64%). From all the sources, total loan fund received by the reported MFIs as on December 2013 was Tk. 436.77 billion. Members’ savings was the highest contributor (44%) among the sources of fund. MFIs including Grameen Bank used a total nearly Tk. 192.21 billion as loan fund from the members’ net savings. Own fund was the second highest contributor among the sources of fund (13.9%), which provided over Tk. 60.7 billion as on December 2013.
As the third highest source, Bank contributed around 9.37 percent of the total loan fund, which was gradually increasing. Excess income over expenditure was the fourth highest source of loan fund of MFIs in 2013 contributing more than Tk 39.2 billion (8.98%). PKSF an apex lender was the fifth contributor (7.48%) by providing more than Tk. 32.68 billion in 2013.
Table 1.5: Distribution of sources of fund
Sources of Loan Fund / Fund in 2013 / % of MFIs received fundIn Million Tk. / As % of total
Members’ Net Savings / 192,206.47 / 44.01 / 99.82
Surplus Income / 39,225.37 / 8.98 / 82.36
Own Fund / 60,735.10 / 13.91 / 51.64
Reserve Fund / 13,287.14 / 3.04 / 46.55
Loan Revolving Fund / 31,325.37 / 7.17 / 33.64
Emergency Fund / 2,611.41 / 0.60 / 17.45
Insurance Fund / 9,228.66 / 2.11 / 67.09
Bank Loan / 40,934.67 / 9.37 / 33.27
Grant from Donor Organizations / 4,787.74 / 1.10 / 14.91
Loans from International NGOs / 3,153.82 / 0.72 / 4.00
Loans from PKSF / 32,686.95 / 7.48 / 26.55
Loans from Local NGOs** / 1,082.13 / 0.25 / 12.18
Others / 5,510.74 / 1.26 / 47.64
Total (N=550*) / 436,775.56 / 100.00 / 100.00
Source: CDF survey 2013.
Note: * It includes Grameen Bank, ** Local NGOs include ASA, BRAC, and Proshika
1.6. Comparative Performance of MFIs by Licensing Status by Microcredit Regularity Authority (MRA)
In this section, an attempt has been made to help understand whether the activities of the Microcredit Regularity Authority (MRA) as the central body of licensing, monitoring, and supervising the microfinance operations of non-government organizations (MFIs) in Bangladesh are sufficient to meet their objectives.
1.6.1. Distribution of MFIs by Licensing Status: Although license from MRA is mandatory for every non-government MFIs to operate microfinance activities in Bangladesh, the number of MFIs having license from MRA were found to be 467 out of 550 in 2013 compared to 432 out of 540 in 2012 (Table 1.6.1). As many as 83 MFIs (15%) still do not have any license from MRA, which was around 20 percent in 2012. It appears from the table further that percent of MFIs having no MRA license decreased considerably over the reporting year. Still, the number of non-license holders (83 out of 467) is high enough and not acceptable. It is, therefore, high time the MRA took initiatives to examine eligibility and shortcomings of these MFIs as early as possible and issue license against them after fulfilling the criteria. And, Bangladesh being the only country where concept of MFIs originated first and since then, a large number of MFIs are operating, the MRA needs to bring non-licensed MFIs under licensing process to establish further discipline in the sector.
Table 1.6.1: Distribution of MFIs by license status of MRA
(As of December)
Category of MFIs / Number of MFIs* / Percent of Total MFIs2013 / 2012 / 2013 / 2012
MFIs without MRA License / 83 / 108 / 15.09 / 20.00
MFIs with MRA License / 467 / 432 / 84.91 / 80.00
Total / 550 / 540 / 100.00 / 100.00
Source: CDF survey 2012 & 2013, * MF-NGOs and Grameen Bank.