I.the history of management
A.Understanding the historical evolution of management problems can help modern managers cope with them.
B.Management in some form has existed since the beginning of time.
C.New approaches became necessary with the emergence of large corporate organizations in the 19th century. / PowerPoint 2-1
Chapter Title
(Refers to text page 26)
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Learning Objectives
(Refers to text page 27)
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Learning Objectives
(continued)
(Refers to text page 28)
Lecture link2-1
Early Management
Development
Management has existed in some form throughout civilization. See complete lecture link on page 2.30 of this manual.
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The History of
Management(Refers to text page 28)
II.u.s. industrial revolution
Learning objective 1
Explain the role of the Industrial Revolution in the development of managerial thought and identify the captains of Industry and their role in management’s evolution.(Text pages 28-30)
A.The U.S. Industrial Revolution encompasses the period when the United States began to shift from an almost totally farming-based society to an industrialized society, generally thought to begin around 1860.
B.According to Daniel Wren, the Industrial Revolution had three facets: power, transportation, and communication.
1.Inventions, such as the steam engine, freed businesses from dependence on water and horses for power.
2.Canals, railroads, and efficient road systems improved transportation, but brought on new problems.
3.Communication by telegraph, telephone, and radio changed the way U.S. businesses functioned. / PowerPoint 2-5
U.S. Industrial Revolution
(Refers to text page 28)
III.captains of industry
A.At the end of the 19th century, the economy had shifted from agriculture to manufacturing.
B.During this period, American business was dominated by Captains of Industry.
1.John D. Rockefeller (oil)
2.James B. Duke (tobacco)
3.Andrew Carnegie (steel)
4.Cornelius Vanderbilt (steamships and railroads)
C.These captains often pursued profit and self-interest above all else.
1.They formed giant companies and created new forms of organizations.
2.Nationwide distributing and marketing organizations were formed.
D.New management approaches were needed.
1.Government regulation of business began in 1890 with the Sherman Antitrust Act.
2.By this time, corporations had become large in scale, with national markets.
3.The invention of the internal combustion engine and the use of electricity spurred industrial growth.
E.The welfare of workers deteriorated.
1.Wages were low, and production methods were crude.
2.Little attention was given to the psychological and physical aspects of a job, such as boredom, repetitiveness, and fatigue.
F.During this time, engineers who had designed production systems began to study the methods used in these systems.
progress check Questions(Text page 30)
- Explain why management did not emerge as a recognized discipline until the twentieth century.
- Describe the three key aspects of the U.S. Industrial Revolution.
- Who were the four leading captains of industry during this period?
- What role did the captains of industry play in the development of modern organizations?
Captains of Industry
(Refers to text page 29)