Chapter 8 Study Guide
Lesson 1 (pgs. 250-259)
§ Describe the functions of roots, stems and leaves
o Roots-anchor the plant, absorb water and nutrients
o Stems-carries substances between roots and leaves, provides support
o Leaves-capture sun’s energy and carry out photosynthesis
§ Stomata
§ Transpiration
§ Describe the structure of roots, stems and leaves
o Roots
§ Taproot & Fibrous root
§ Root Hair
§ Root Cap
§ Vascular Tissue
§ Area of Dividing Cells
o Stems
§ Woody & Herbaceous
§ Vascular Tissue
§ Cambium
§ Heartwood
o Leaves
§ Stomata
· Why do they open and close?
· When are they open?
· When are they closed?
§ Upper Leaf Cells
§ Lower Leaf Cells
§ Describe the structure and function of seeds
o Seed Coat
o Cotyledons
o Embryo
§ Describe the process of germination and how it begins
§ Describe what happens in seed dispersal and why it happens
§ Know the structures and function of the parts of a flower
o Sepal
o Petals
o Stamens
o Pistils
§ Describe what happens in pollination
Lesson 2 (pgs. 260-267)
§ Know what happens in the sporophyte and gametophyte stages of a plant’s life cycle
§ Know the difference between annuals, perennials and biennials
§ Know how plants reproduce
o Pollination
o Fertilization
o Zygote Formation
o Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
§ Explain the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants
§ Know what a gymnosperm is:
o Reproductive structure = cone
o Explain reproductive cycle
§ Know what an angiosperm is:
o Reproductive structure = flower
o Explain reproductive cycle
§ Explain how seeds can be dispersed in gymnosperms and angiosperms
§ Identify differences and similarities in gymnosperm and angiosperm reproduction
Lesson 3 (pg. 268-275)
§ Explain how organisms reproduce asexually
o Budding
o Fragmentation
§ Know how many parents are involved in both asexual and sexual reproduction
§ Explain why sexual reproduction results in offspring with DNA from mom and dad
§ Explain why asexual reproduction results in offspring with DNA from one parent only
§ Identify advantages and disadvantages for asexual and sexual reproduction
§ Explain the life cycle of the jelly fish and how it is both sexual and asexual
o Know the terms medusa, polyp and larva
§ Explain internal fertilization
§ Explain external fertilization and where it usually occurs
§ Know what a gestation period is and why it varies
Lesson 4 (pgs. 276-287)
§ Know the structures and function of the parts of an amniotic egg
o Embryo
o Amniotic Fluid
o Shell
o Yolk
o Albumin
o Allantois
§ Know what the placenta does in placental mammals
§ Explain what complete metamorphosis is:
o 4 stages
§ Egg
§ Larva
§ Pupa
§ Adult
§ Explain what incomplete metamorphosis is:
o 3 stages
§ Egg
§ Nymph
§ Adult
§ Explain the process of metamorphosis for:
o Insects
o Be able to give examples for complete and incomplete metamorphosis
§ Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for parental care or no-parental care