Mr. Aguiar
NJASK8 Science Prep
Define and become familiar the following key terms:
Phenomena
Inquiry
Observations
Data
Instrument
Qualitative
Quantitative
Variable
Independent variable
Manipulated variable
Controlled variable
Constants
Dependent variable
Responding variable
Hypothesis
Controlled experiment
Control
Repeated trials
Data table
Graph
Line graph
Bar graph
Inference
International system (SI) of Measurement
Second
Liter
Meter
Kilogram
Precision
Accuracy
Graduated cylinder
Meniscus
Water displacement method
Triple beam balance
Central tendency
Mean
Median
Mode
Interpolation
Extrapolation
Direct relationship
Indirect relationship
Best-fit line
Practice Quiz 1: Choose the correct answer.
1. Which of the following questions cannot be answered through scientific investigation?
a. How does air temperature affect air pressure?
b. How does salt affect the melting point of ice?
c. How does music inspire people?
d. What is the relationship between elevation and air pressure?
Temperature
Time
2. Which of the fowling statements best describes the relationship between temperature and time in the line graph above?
a. There is no relationship between temperature and time.
b. Temperature remains constant over time.
c. Temperature increases over time.
d. Temperature decreases over time.
3. A student wanted to test how temperature affects sprouting of alfalfa seeds. She set up five dishes and placed ten alfalfa seeds on a moist paper towel in each dish. Each of the five dishes were kept at a different temperature-10oc, 15o C, 20oC, 25oC and 30oC. Which of these is the independent, or manipulated, variable in this experiment?
a. The number of seeds
b. The number of dishes
c. The temperature of each dish
d. The moist paper towel
4. A student wondered if eating breakfast improves your grades in school. Which of the following best represents a possible hypothesis from the student?
a. Eating breakfast has no effect on attendance at school.
b. If students eat breakfast, then grades will improve in school.
c. If grades improve in school, then students will enjoy breakfast.
d. How does eating breakfast affect a students grades?
5. What instruments can be used to measure the volume of a small rock?
a. A spring scale and a ruler.
b. A barometer and a thermometer.
c. A graduated cylinder and water.
d. A triple beam balance and water.
6. A team of students examined an object. Which of the following is NOT an observation about the object?
a. It is smooth and shiny
b. It has a mass of 552 grams.
c. It is 21 centimeters long
d. I think it is metal and used in a machine.
7.
Day / HeightMonday / 0 cm
Tuesday / 0.2 cm
Wednesday / 0.4 cm
Thursday / 0.6 cm
Friday / 0.8 cm
Saturday
Sunday
Monday / 1.4 cm
A student measured the growth of a plant each day in school. Because he did not go to school on Saturday and Sunday no measurement of the plant was made. Which of the following measurements would be a reasonable estimation of the height of the plant on Sunday?
a. 0.8 cm
b. 0.9 cm
c. 1.2 cm
d. 1.4 cm
7. Which instrument would most accurately and precisely measure the mass of an apple?
a. Triple beam balance
b. Spring scale
c. Thermometer
d. Graduated cylinder
Key Terms:
Organism
Cell
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cell wall/
X
C hloroplasts
Compound microscope
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Unicellular
Multi-cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Vertebrate
Invertebrate
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Bilateral symmetry
Radial symmetry
Inherited traits
Acquired traits
Natural selection
Evolution
Extinction
Life cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Chromosome
DNA
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Genotype
Phenotype
Purebred
Hybrid
Punnett square
Practice Quiz:
1. The function of a cell nucleus is to
a. Store food, water and waste.
b. Provide energy for the cell.
c. Control the activities of the cell.
d. Help the cell expel waste.
2. What is needed for the process of photosynthesis?
a. Darkness, soil
b. Darkness, oxygen and glucose
c. Light, carbon dioxide, and water
d. Light, amino acids, and water
3. Which of the following represents the body structures from least to most complex?
a. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
b. Tissue, organ, cell, organ system
c. Organ system, organ, tissue, cell
d. Cell, organ system, tissue, organ
4. The esophagus, stomach, and intestines function together as components of which of the following?
a. System
b. Web
c. Tissue
d. Organ
5. In humans, which two organs systems work to break down food and deliver nutrients to body cells?
a. Respiratory and nervous
b. Digestive and circulatory
c. Nervous and digestive
d. Respiratory and circulatory
6. Biologically , organisms are classified based on their
a. Acquired similarities
b. Structural similarities
c. Habitats
d. Biochemical similarities
7. Which of the following levels of the biological classification system contain living things with the most characteristics in common?
a. Species
b. Class
c. Family
d. Kingdom
8. Which of the following animals belong in the same class as a dog?
a. Snakes
b. Salamanders
c. Dolphins
d. Eagles
9. A particular environment is becoming warmer over time. A rabbit with which o the following traits would best be able to survive and reproduce in this environment?
a. Longer legs
b. Larger ears
c. Dark-colored, thick fur
d. Light-colored, thin fur
10. Which of the following shows the correct order of the life cycle of an insect?
a. Adult, pupa, larva, egg
b. Pupa ,adult, egg, larva
c. Egg, pupa, larva, adult
d. Egg, larva, pupa, adult
11. Some animals , like sponges, can reproduce both sexually and asexually. How can you test whether a particular sponge organism is the product of sexual or asexual reproduction?
a. Determine whether its genes are identical to the genes of its parent.
b. Determine if its traits are beneficial for survival.
c. Determine if its traits are not beneficial for survival.
d. Determine whether it has acquired characteristics.
12. The body cell of a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in the egg of a female butterfly?
a. 24
b. 12
c. 20
d. 48
Tt / Tttt / tt
T t
T
t
13. In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t). This Punnett square shows a cross between a purebred short plant and a hybrid tall plant. What percentage of the offspring will be tall?
14. Which of the following organs in a fish can be compared to a human lung?
a. Fins
b. Scales
c. Gills
d. Heart
15. The smallest differences in structure occur in organisms of different
a. Order
b. Phylum
c. Class species
16. Which of the following is an example of prokaryote?
a. Cow
b. Tree
c. Bacteria
d. Jellyfish
17. The genetic information in a cell is carried in the
a. Mitochondria
b. Chromosomes
c. Vacuoles
d. Chloroplasts
18. What are the basic structural units of living things?
a. Organs
b. Tissues
c. Blood
d. Cells
19. What are the basic structural units of living things?
a. Organs
b. Tissues
c. Blood
d. Cells
20. A student examines an unlabeled slide with a microscope. Right away she knows that the specimen is of plant cells. What could she have observed to lead to this conclusion?
a. Cell wall and chloroplasts
b. Cell membrane and chloroplasts
c. Nucleus and cytoplasm
d. Cell wall and cytoplasm
21. What process creates food, in the form of sugar, for pants?
a. Evaporation
b. Photosynthesis
c. Respiration
d. Oxidation
22. Jellyfish, worms, birds, and reptiles are classified in the same
a. Kingdom
b. Phylum
c. Genus
d. Species
23. What cell has the function of carrying oxygen to all parts of the human body?
a. Nerve cell
b. Red blood cell
c. White blood cell
d. Muscle cell
24. Which cell part allows nutrients and other materials to enter and exit the cell?
a. Nucleus
b. Cell membrane
c. Cytoplasm
d. Vacuole
25. In guinea pigs, the gene for black fur (B) is dominant, while the gene for brown fur (b) is recessive. A male and a female guinea pig, both having black fur, produce offspring with brown fur. Which most likely describes the genetic makeup of the guinea pig parents?
a. Both parents are purebred
b. Both parents are hybrids
c. The female parent is a purebred, and the male parent is a hybrid
d. The male parent is purebred, and the female parent is a hybrid
Key Terms:
Ecology
Environment
Abiotic
Ecosystem
Habitat
Niche
Population
Community
Producer
Consumer
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Decomposer
Scavenger
Competition
Predation
Predator
Prey
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Parasite
Host
Food chain
Trophic level
Biomass
Primary producer
consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary Food web
Sucession
Climax community
Biome
Coniferous forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Tropical rainforest
Biodiversity
Grasslands
Savannas
Prairies
Desert
Tundra
Permafrost
Wetlands
Estuaries
Brackish
Ocean
Phytoplankton
Flooding
Controlled fires
Forest fire
Acid rain
Chlorofluorocarbons
Ozone layer
Greenhouse effect
Global warming
Renewable resources
Nonrenewable resources
Multiple choice:
1. Which of the following organisms in a forest ecosystem uses energy from the sun to make its own food?
a. Maple tree
b. Fox
c. Bacteria
d. Grasshopper
2. Which biome contains the most diversity of life?
a. Desert
b. Tropical rainforest
c. Tundra
d. Grassland
3. Green algae can be observed in pond water. What is the role of this organism in the pond ecosystem?
a. Producer
b. Primary consumer
c. Herbivore
d. Decomposer
4. When pants and animals die, what happens to the nutrients and chemical energy stored within the plant and animal matter?
a. They are returned to the environment by decomposers
b. They disappear when organisms die
c. They are absorbed into the atmosphere
d. They are transferred to another ecosystem
5. Which sequence shows the correct order in a food chain?
a. Producersàcarnivoresàherbivores
b. Carnivoresàproducersàherbivores
c. Producersàherbivoresàcarnivores
d. Herbivoresàcarnivoresàproducers
6. Ticks feed on the blood of deer. In this relationship a tick is a
a. Competitor
b. Parasite
c. Host
d. Prey
7. Which of these could cause a decrease in an insect population?
a. An increase in the spider population
b. An increase in the food supply
c. An increase in available habitats
d. A decrease in competition with other insect populations for food
8. What process is the foundation for all food webs?
a. Photosynthesis
b. Precipitation
c. Transpiration
d. Evaporation
9. In which major biome is permafrost found?
a. Grassland
b. Tropical rain forest
c. Tundra
d. Temperate deciduous forest
10. What is the relationship between the algae and minnow?
a. Producerà consumer
b. Consumeràproducer
c. Consumeràdecomposer
d. Producerà decomposer
Key Terms
Matter
Physical properties
Boiling point
Melting point
Density
Mass
Volume
Conductivity
Element
Compound
Atom
Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Periodic table of elements
Groups
Periods
Atomic number
Chemical symbol
Atomic weight
Metal
Luster
Malleable
Ductile
Non-metal
Noble gas
Molecules
Chemical formula
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Mixture
Solution
Soluble
Solvent
Physical change
Chemical change
Law of conservation of matter
Chemical equation
Reactants
Products
Coefficient
Energy
Heat energy
Electromagnetic energy
Electricity chemical energy