Define a Buffer. Describe the Management of Metabolic Acidosis

2009 – Dec

Part 1

Define a buffer. Describe the management of metabolic acidosis.
Management of a 30 yrs old lady with post partum Deep Vein Thrombosis.
Management of a 20 years old girl with suspected hyperparathyroidism.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Clinical features and management of submucous fibrosis.
Critical limb ischemia.
Management of a 40 years old male weighing 60 kg with flash burns of the face and the chest.
Nutritional assessment of a surgical patient.
Enumerate low grade and high grade parotid tumours. Describe the management of high grade parotid tumor presenting with facial palsy.

Part 2

Management of rupture of posterior urethra.
Role of hormone therapy in breast carcinoma.
Classification and management of anorectal abscess.
Principles and indications of radio-frequency ablation of neoplasm.
Effects of acid versus alkali injury on upper gastrointestinal tract. Describe the principles of management of such injury.
Management of 45 years old man with 4*4 cm ulcerative lesion in rectum situated 8 cm from the anal verge.
Management of 15 years old boy with spleenomegaly and upper G.I. bleed.
Role of DPL in the management of blunt abdominal trauma.
Classify splenic injuries. Describe the changing trends in the management of splenic trauma.
Pre-operative preparation required for patient with:-
Obstructive Jaundice.
Phaeochromocytoma.

Part 3

Management of a patient with suspected carotid tumor.
Classify skin flaps.
Management of a 25 years old man with Extra Dural Haematoma.
Management of a 15 years old child with hydronephrosis due to UPJ obstruction.
Clinical features and management of a new born with meconium ileus.
Management of a 6 years old child with nephroblastoma.
Management of Thymoma.
What is gastrinoma triangle? How would you investigate a patient suspected to have gastrinoma?
Role of ESWL in the management of renal stones.
Describe the difference between cadaveric liver transplantation and liver donor related transplantation.

Part 4

Enumerate the subphrenic spaces. Describe the clinical features and management of a case with pelvic collection.
Describe the blood supply of the thyroid gland. What are the intraoperative complications of total thyroidectomy?
Draw the anatomy of the femoral canal and the femoral triangle. Describe the branches to be ligated during Trendelenberg operation.
Lymphatic drainage of the stomach.
Triangles of neck with reference to Trauma zone.
Surgical anatomy of the Rectus sheath with reference to incisional hernia.
Draw the capillary fluid exchange at tissue level. Describe the mechanism of oedema formation.
Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the investigation of oesophageal and rectal malignancy.
Role of radio-iodine in the management of thyroid disorders.
TumorLysis Syndrome.

2009-JUNE

Paper 1

1.Describe the clinical features and management of carotid body tumours

2.Ductal carcinoma in situ

3.What are low grade and high grade parotid cancers? Outline the management of malignant tumours of parotid with facial paralysis

4.Discuss ways to estimate blood loss is surgical practice.

5.Necrotizing fasciitis

6.Basal Cell Ca: pathology, clinical features and management

7.Types of bowel preparation before colorectal surgery

8.Palliative options in Ca Oesophagus

9.Clinical presentation and management of Thymoma

10.Retroperitoneal mesenchymal tumours

Paper 2

1.Discuss the role of surgery in Acute pancreatitis

2.Classify benign biliary strictures. Outline management of post cholecystectomy obstructive jaundice

3.Surgical management of ITP

4.Diagnosis and treatment of Carcinoid appendix

5.Short bowel syndrome

6.Treatment of hepatic hydatid disease

7.Management of complete rectal prolapse in a 40 yr old male

8.Enumerate causes of lower GI bleeding.Mention localisation techniques. Briefly outline the management of profuse haematochezia

9.Pathology and management of pilonidal disease

10.Ogilvie’s syndrome

Paper 3

1.Clinical features and management of torsion testes

2.Management of hydrocephalus

3.Pathology, staging. clinical features and management of neuroblastoma

4.Indications fo renal transplantation, Describe various types of graft rejection

5.Imperforate anus : diagnosis and management

6.Differentiate between primary and secondary brain injury after head injury

7.Diagnosis and management of tracheo-oesophageal fistula

8.Clinical features, staging and treatment outline of Ca penis

9.Differentiate between perinephric abscess and pyonephrosis

10.Development of face with special reference of cleft lip and palate.

Paper 4

1.Post operaive pain ladder

2.Anatomy of inguinal canal from surgical perspective

3.Modalities of breast imaging

4.Mechanisms of anti coagulants used in surgery

5.Differentiate between DTPA & DMSA scan

6.Describe anatomical course of facial nerve

7.Mechanism of SIRS

8.Pathophysiological changes due to obstructive hydronephrosis

9.Physiological changes due to obstructive jaundice

10.Surgical anatomy of anal canal

2008-DECEMBER

Paper 1

1.What is “Massive Blood Transfusion”?What are the effects on the body?

2.Classify operative wounds.Principles of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery?

3.What is septic shock? What is the pathophysiology?

4.Principles of management of diabetic foot?

5.Prophylaxis and treatment of DVT?

6.What is selective neck dissection?What are the different types?What are their basis? What are the complications?

7.Classify salivary gland tumours?Management of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid?

8.Management of SNG?

9.Basic requirements of cancer screening?Methods of Ca Breast Screening, advantages and disadvantages?

10.Aetiopathology,clinical features,investigations and treatment of phaeochromocytoma

Paper 2

1.What is intussuception? Investigations? What is the non operative management?

2.What is tension pneumothorax, its causes and management?

3.Name surgical manifestations of amoebiasis? Investigations and management of amoebic liver abscess?

4.Presentation and treatment of Ca GB?

5.Define Barret’s oesophagus and discuss management?

6.Note on perinephric abscess

7.Manage nutrition in a patient of high output EC fistula?

8.Pathophysiology of intestinal obstruction

9.Indications of splenectomy?Describe surgical technique of elective splenectomy and complications

10.Surgical managment of UC

Paper 3

1.Aetiopathology and managment of pyloric stenosis of infancy?

2.Diagnosis and treatment of a case of torsion testes

3.Manage a case of testicular tumour?

4.Treatment of Ca Prostate?

5.Discuss in brief treatment options of renal stones

6.Name various types of skin grafts? How do they survive? How to minimize failure of grafts?

7.Various flaps in breast reconstruction?

8.What are tumour markers? Discuss clinical applications?

9.Care of terminal cancer patient?

10.Short note on vascular prosthesis

Paper 4

1.Lymphatic drainage of breast? How will you detect sentinal L.N.?

2.Different blood products? How are they manufactured? Discuss indications?

3.Management of haemorrhagic shock?

4.Pathophysiology of SIRS

5.Surgical anatomy of mesorectum and importance in management of Ca rectum?

6.Testicular development and descent. Name sites of ectopic testis

7.Surgical anatomy of Rec Laryngeal Nerve and prevention of injury?

8.Classify chemotherapeutic agents and what is the advantage of combination chemotherapy?

9.Treatment of pain in a patient of advanced malignancy?

10.Causes and treatment of metabolic acidosis?

2008-JUNE

Paper 1

1.Various parameters to assess the nutritional status of a surgical patient.

2.Pathophysiology of “septicaemic shock”

3.Tumour markers and their role in the management of a cancer patient

4.Scoring systems to assess the severity of injury in a trauma victim

5.Pathophysiology and management of diabetic foot

6.”Universal precautions”

7.Antibiotics prophylaxis in surgery

8.Management of Barret’s oesophagus

9.Complications of massive blood transfusion

10.Management of a young male with 40% superficial thermal burns

Paper 2

1.”Triple Assessment”

2.Preoperative preparation for a patient with obstructive jaundice

3.Pathophysiology and management of fluid and electrolyte disturbances in a patient with gastric outlet obstruction

4.Aetio-pathogenesis and management of large bowel obstruction

5.Prophylaxis and management of DVT

6.Management of “Liver Abscess”

7.Management of 40yr old male with lower G.I bleed

8.Abdominal compartment syndrome

9.Surgical management of a patient with chronic pancreatitis

10.Complications of splenectomy

Paper 3

1.Management of LABC

2.Management of 30yrs old lady with hyperparathyroidism

3.Management of 25yrs old lady with chronic ischaemia of upper limb

4.Management of 4day old baby with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

5.Stapled haemmorhoidectomy

6.Tracheo-Oesophageal fistula

7.Role of porta-systemic shunts in the management of portal hypertension

8.Management of a 45yrs old man with stag horn calculus in left kidney

9.Clinical presentation and management of “Wilms tumour”

10.VATS

Paper 4

1.Counaid’s segments of liver and thier significance in the management of liver diseases

2.TME for Ca Rectum

3.Anatomical boundaries of Axillary dissection

4.Marjolin’s ulcer and its management

5.Fournier’s gangrene

6.Anatomical landmarks for facial nerve identification during parotid surgery

7.Various anomalies of biliary system and their significance during surgery

8.Management of thoracic duct injury following radical neck dissection

9.Burst abdomen

10.Intestinal complications of enteric fever and their management

2007-DECEMBER

Paper 1

1.Prognostic factors in Ca Breast?

2.Premalignant oral lesions?

3.Pathology, features and management of carotid body tumour

4.”Frey’s Syndrome”

5.Management of thyroid incidentaloma

6.Pathology, clinical features and management of duct ectasia of breast

7.Pathophysiology,features and management of tension pneumothorax

8.Pathology and management of diabetic gangrene

9.Describe aetiology,features and management of benign oesophageal strictures

10.Discuss various essential requirements to establish a minor operation theatre

Paper 2

1.Essentials of safe bowel anastamosis

2.Describe the surgical treatment of obesity

3.Discuss the treatment options in typhoid ileal perforations

4.Outline the investigation and treatment of Ca head of the pancreas

5.What are the universal precautions in AIDS

6.Diagnosis,prevention and treatment of Gossypboma?

7.Principles and steps of Lap hernia repair

8.Discuss breifly “Mirriz’s syndrome”

9.Aetiology and management of rectal prolapse

10.Briefly discuss “short bowel syndrome”

Paper 3

1.The therapeutic uses of USG

2.Management of advanced Ca Prostate

3.Briefly discuss classification,investigations,treatment and follow up of GCT of testes

4.Aetiopathogenesis and management of hydrocephalus

5.Classification and managment of choledochal cyst

6.Clinical features, and management of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

7.Urethral injuries in relation to fracture pelvis

8.Approach to LABC

9.Clinical features of Berger’s disease

10.Causes and preoperative preperation for a case of obstructive jaundice.

Paper 4

1.Nutritional assessment in a cancer patient

2.Lymphatic drainage of breast.Discuss concept of sentinal lymph node biopsy in a breast

3.Surgical anatomy of liver.Mention briefly principles of management of liver trauma

4.Levels of neck nodes. Mention various types of neck dissections

5.Nerve injuries in thyroid surgery and their prevention

6.Anatomy of anal canal.Briefly mention pathophysiology of fistula in ano

7.Advantages and disadvantages of preoperative bowel preparations

8.Pathology and complications of UC

9.Venous drainage of lower limb. Mention management outlines of varicose veins

10.Mechanism of wound healing and various factors affecting it

2007-JUNE

Paper 1

1.Classify aneurysms. Enumerate the clinical feature of post traumatic femoral aneurysms

2.Discuss the clinical features and principles of management of septicemic shock

3.What are the indications for TPN?Calculate nutritional requirements for a 70kg male with duodenal fistula with sepsis.

4.Prophylactic antibiotics in surgery

5.Aetiopathogenesis and management of diabetic foot

6.Briefly describe the surgical treatment for GERD

7.Describe the classifications of lymphomas

8.Preoperative management of a patient with obstructive jaundice

9.Describe the basis for the use of selective and non selective shunts in PHT

10.Management of varicose veins.

Paper 2

1.Describe the investigative workup of a patient with suspected phaeochromocytoma

2.Discuss the surgical options for the management of UC

3.RFA in the management of malignant tumours

4.Classify liver injuries.Discuss the principles of operative management of liver trauma

5.Classify and mention the distinctive features of intestinal polyps

6.What are the premalignant conditions of oral cavity.Describe staging of oral cancer

7.Classify skin grafts

8.Discuss the pathogenesis and management of infective causes of intestinal perforations

9.Classify and discuss the principles of management of fistula in ano

10.Role of laparascopy in GI malignancies

Paper 3

1.Define primary common bile duct stone. Discuss its management.

2.Enumerate surgical complications of amoebiasis.Discuss management of amoebic liver abscess.

3.Describe diagnosis and treatment of hydatid cyst of liver

4.Discuss prognostication of acute pancreatitis

5.Aetiopathogenesis of ascites and management of intractable ascites

6.Classification and diagnostic workup of a patient with EC fistula

7.Classify acute intestinal obstruction.Discuss the management of intussuception in a 40yr old male

8.Discuss therapeutic options for Grade III-IV haemorrhoids

9.Diagnostic workup of a patient with obscure GI haemorrhage

10.Enumerate the complications of splenectomy

Paper 4

1.Discuss staging and management of well differentiated thyroid cancers

2.What is gut barrier function?Discuss bacterial translocation in surgical patients.

3.Complications in transplant surgery

4.Briefly discuss the role of breast conservation surgery in a patient with Ca Breast.

5.Discuss the role of carotid endarterectomy in prevention of strokes

6.Enumerate the indications of surgery in BHP.Briefly outline the management of TURP syndrome

7.Discuss the prognostic factors and surgical strategy in malignant melanoma.

8.Define abdominal compartment sydrome.Briefly describe the pathophysiology of abdominal compartment syndrome.

9.What are the indications of bariatric surgery?Discuss briefly the surgical options available today

10.Briefly discuss the causes and management of unilateral hydronephrosis.

2006-DECEMBER

Paper 1

1.How would you investigate a patient with suspected hyperparathyroidism?

2.Merits and demerits of various therapeutic options of achalasia cardia.

3.Write a short note on physiological effects of pneumoperitoneum

4.Define Gynaecomazia.Briefly describe its aetiology and management.

5.Principle,techniques and role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in management of Ca breast

6.Define flail chest.Briefly describe the management of a 45yr old smoker with flail involving eight ribs

7.Classify salivary gland tumours.Discuss the management of pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland

8.Management of a patient with incidentaloma of adrenal gland.

9.Discuss OPSI

10.Management of primary thyrotoxicosis

Paper 2

1.How will you manage a patient of duodenal fistula following failure of repair of duodenal perforation.

2.Preoperative management of a patient with obstructive jaundice

3.Enumerate local complications of acute pancreatitis.Discuss the management of pancreatic necrosis.

4.Treatment of sigmoid volvulus

5.Pathophysiological changes occuring after massive intestinal resection

6.Zollinger Ellison syndrome

7.Carcinoid tumours of the appendix

8.Non operative management of liver trauma

9.Clinical features and treatment of amoebic liver abscess.

10.Role and techniques of preoperative preparation of bowel in patients scheduled for elective colonic surgery

Paper 3

1.Lumbar sympathectomy in an ischaemic limb

2.Technique and complications of Epidural Anaethesia

3.Ketamine

4.Treatment of Ileofemoral DVT

5.Zone based algorithm for management of penetrating injuries to anterior neck

6.Pathophysiology of burn shock and fluid resuscitation of a burnt patient

7.Enumerate the complications of TURP.Briefly describe the pathophysiology and treatment of TURP syndrome

8.How would you manage a 50yr old man with staghorn calculus in left kidney

9.Classification of choledochal cyst and principles of their management

10.Splenic salvage in children following trauma

Paper 4

1.Pathophysiology of strangulating intestinal obstruction

2.Discuss “factors” causing burst abdomen after laparotomy

3.Aetiopathogenesis of urinary tract calculi

4.Boundaries of thoracic inlet and clinical features of cervical rib

5.Discuss the anatomical basis of various clinical features of Ca Breast and also enumerate the structures removed in various types of mastectomies

6.Discuss the various hepatic segments and also enumerate different types of hepatic resections

7.Describe the venous drainage of lower limbs with the help of diagram, and factors responsible for development of venous ulcer.

8.Enumerate metabolic effect of starvation and discuss the physiological disturbances that occur in severe sepsis

9.What are the aims of nutritional assessment?Describe methods of nutritionla assessment in surgical patient

10.Physiological changes that occur in blood stored at 4 C

2006-JUNE

Paper 1

1.Aetiology of Gastric Cancer

2.Newer modalities in diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis

3.Ransons criteria for prognostication in acute pancreatitis

4.Management of Follicular Ca of Thyroid

5.Diagnosis and management of non palpable breast lesion

6.Management of recurrent varicose veins

7.Surgical audit

8.Management of bile duct injury discoveries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

9.Segmental anatomy of liver

10.Management of “shattered” liver following blunt abdominal trauma

Paper 2

1.MALT Lymphomas(Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue)

2.Management of Sigmoid volvulus

3.Complications of splenectomy

4.Investigations used for the localisation of parathyroid adenoma

5.Management of secondary bile duct stones

6.Management of unresectable Ca oesophagus

7.Management of locally advanced rectal cancer

8.GIST

9.Diagnosis and treatment of Barretts oesophagus

10.Management of pancreatic necrosis

Paper 3

1.Evaluation and management of biliary atresia

2.Cystic hygroma

3.Management of neonatal intestinal obstruction

4.Classification of mediastinal neoplasms

5.Management of DVT

6.Management of postoperative pain

7.Diagnostic work up for testicular tumours

8.Management of haematuria in an elderly male

9.Management of AUR in 60yr old male

10.Haemobilia

Paper 4

1.a.Risks of blood transfusion3

b.Metabolic changes following massive transfusion3

c.Blood substitutes and alternatives to transfusion4

2.a.Classify burns3

b.What are the synthetic and biologic dressings for burns3

c.Fluid resuscitation for a patient with burns4

3.a.Prognostic factors in malignant melanoma3

b.Histopathological types of cutaneous melanoma3

c.Systemic treatment of melanoma4

4.a.What are the cervical lymph node levels3

b.Describe the patterns of spread of lymph node metastases in head and neck

cancer3

c.Surgical management of cervical nodal metastases for head and neck cancer4

5.a.What are the indications for bariatric surgery?4

b.Discuss briefly the surgical options6

6.a.Blood supply of the colon3

b.Bowel preparation for elective colonic surgery3

c.Complications of low anterior resection for Ca Rectum4

7.Pathophysiology of abdominal compartment syndrome

8.Diagnosis of obscure GI bleeding

9.Role of preoperative biliary drainage for patients with surgical obstructive jaundice

10.Classification and management of gastric varices

2005-DECEMBER

Paper 1

1.Surgery in chronic pancreatitis

2.Medullary thyroid Ca

3.Fistula in ano - classification and treatment

4.Management of splenic injuries

5.Acute acalculous cholecystitis

6.Principles of laparascopy