Date: ______Ms. Capalbo/Final Exam Review

Name: ______Period: ______

What Did We Learn This Year?

7th Grade Social Studies Final Exam Review

(Constitution through Reconstruction)

FINAL EXAM:

Monday June 14, 2010

55 Multiple Choice Questions (On an answer sheet)

And…

Tuesday June 15, 2010

4 CRQs about Expansion and the Causes of the Civil War

Unit 5: Creating the Constitution and the American System of Government

The BIG Ideas

Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation convinced leading Americans that the country needed a strong central government.

After months of intense debate, delegates to the Constitutional Convention agreed on a new plan of government. This government would be detailed in the Constitution

The states approved the Constitution, but many of the states insisted that it also include a Bill of Rights. Supporters of the Constitution came to be known as Federalists

1. Describe the Articles of Confederation (Page 206)

______

2. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? (Use pages 206-209)

______

3. What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention? (Pages 212-213)

______

4. Describe the Virginia Plan (pages 213-215) ______

______

5. Describe the New Jersey Plan (pages 213-215) ______

______

6. What was the Great Compromise? ______

______

7. What was the debate over slavery in the framing of the Constitution? What was decided? (p. 215)

______

8. The Constitution was heavily debated. Please describe the following:

What was the position of the Federalists (p. 218)? ______

What was the position of the Anti-Federalists? What did they want? (pp. 218-219)

______

Who does the Bill of Rights protect? Why was it added? (Pages 220-221)

______

Using pages 256-257, please complete the charts below:

The Separation of Powers
Legislative Branch
(Congress) / Executive Branch
(President) / The Judicial Branch
(Supreme Court)
Checks and Balances
Legislative Branch
(Congress) / Executive Branch
(President) / The Judicial Branch
(Supreme Court)
Checks on the Executive Branch / Checks on the Legislative Branch / Checks on the Executive Branch
Checks on the Judicial Branch / Checks on the Judicial Branch / Checks on the Legislative Branch

Unit 6: Life in the New Nation

In this unit, we looked at the first seven Presidents and we studied three key movements that affected society: The Industrial Revolution, the Reform Movement, and Westward Expansion!

The BIG Ideas about the First President: George Washington!

George Washington oversaw the creation of new federal departments and asked Alexander Hamilton to tackle the nation’s debt problem
Two political parties began to take shape: The Federalists and the Republicans
Under Washington, the United States dealt with challenges from Native Americans in the Northwest Territory and the British Navy at sea

18. Using pages 282-297, list three accomplishments of George Washington’s Presidency?

______

The BIG Idea about the Second President: John Adams!

Political division grew bitter when John Adams struggled to keep peace with France

19. What was the XYZ Affair? How did it create trouble with France? (Pages 298-299)

______

20. Define the following terms using pages 299-301:

Alien Act:______

Sedition Act: ______

The BIG Ideas about the third President Thomas Jefferson!

Thinking of his election as “The Revolution of 1800” President Jefferson hoped to make changes in the government
Having acquired a large amount of Western territory through the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the region.

21. What was the Louisiana Purchase? Why did Jefferson do it? How did it change the size of the nation? Who did Jefferson hire to explore this territory? (Use pages 310-319)

______

The BIG Ideas about the Fourth President James Madison

Conflicts with the British at sea and the Native Americans in the West led to the War of 1812
Although the War of 1812 did not resolve British-American disputes, many Americans considered the war a victory

22. Using pages 322-331, please describe the causes, events, and effects of the War of 1812 below.

The War of 1812 (President James Madison-4th)
Causes of the War of 1812 / Main Events of the War / Effects of the War of 1812

The BIG Ideas about the Fifth President James Monroe

Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court all acted to increase federal authority
By issuing the Monroe Doctrine, the United States signaled its interest in shaping events in the Americas.

Using pages 340-348…

23. A. What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? What was the impact of this document?

______

B. Define imperialism______

The BIG Idea about the Sixth President John Quincy Adams

Adams proposed a national program to build roads and canals
He only served one term after a “controversial” election

The BIG Ideas about the Seventh President Andrew Jackson

There was a growing spirit of democracy during Andrew Jackson’s presidency
Despite a Supreme Court ruling in their favor. Native Americans of the Southeast were forced to move to reservations along the Trail of Tears
Andrew Jackson fought the Bank of the United States and stood firm against South Carolina’s threat to secede.

24. Using pages 355-367, please explain the following:

A. What was the Trail of Tears? What was the impact of this decision by Jackson?

______

B. Why was Andrew Jackson pictured as a king in many political cartoons?

______

The BIG Ideas about the Industrial Revolution

Many inventions brought new ways of making basic products
Differences between the North and South increased with the growth of industry
The invention of the cotton gin increase the South’s dependence on slave labor
As settlement spread westward, debates over slavery increased tensions between the North and South

25-26. Using pages 382-405, please complete the chart below about Sectionalism, or the division between the lifestyle and culture of the North and South regions.

The Foundations of Sectionalism…
The North / The South
Main Source of Income
Use of New Technology
Main Source of Labor
Population

The BIG Ideas about the Reform Movement of the Nineteenth Century (1800’s)

By the mid-1800’s, people were seeking reform in many areas of American life including education, prisons, health care, and a ban on alcohol consumption.
Abolitionists sought to end slavery in the United States
Some reformers sought to win political and economic equality for women

27. Using pages 414-435, describe and define the Reform movement. List the major accomplishments in the chart below.

The Reform Movement
Improving Society (414-421) / Abolitionists (422-426) / Women’s Rights (427-430)

The BIG Ideas about Westward Expansion

By the mid-1800’s, many Americans wanted the nation to extend westward to the Pacific Ocean
To journey westward, traders and settlers had to travel along difficult and dangerous paths.
While the Mormons migrated to Utah, other settlers flocked to California in search of gold.
The Texas War for Independence led to conflict and war between the United States and Mexico.

28. Compare and Contrast the three western settlements using pages 444-467 in the chart below.

The Westward Expansion Period (1820-1860)
Life in the Oregon (448-453) / Life in California (462-467) / Life in Utah (462-467)

29. What was Manifest Destiny? (Use pages 444-447 and 459)

______

Unit 7: The Civil War (Causes)

The BIG Ideas

With the addition of new western land, debate over the spread of slavery increased
After all efforts at compromise failed, violent fighting broke out in the Kansas territory
As tensions increased, a new antislavery political party emerged
Abraham Lincoln’s election led seven southern states to secede from the Union

Using pages 482-503, please explain how the events below led to the Civil War:

Compromise of 1850 (486-487)______

Fugitive Slave Act (486-487)______

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (488 and 492-493)______

The Kansas Nebraska Act (489-491)______

John Brown’s Raid (497-498) ______

The Dred Scott Decision (494-495)______

The Lincoln Douglas Debates (496-497)______

The Election of 1860 (499-500)______

The Southern States Secede (499-503)______

The BIG Ideas about the Civil War

As the war began and states took sides, the North hoped for an early and easy victory
The early years of the war were indecisive, as neither side seemed to defeat the other
President Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation opened the way for African Americans to join the Union army
The war caused divisions in the North and South while changing the lives of civilians and soldiers
Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863 forced the South’s surrender in 1865

Using pages 510-537, list the key accomplishments of the battles below.

The Major Battles of the Civil War
Battle Name / Date / Location / The Winner / Causalities
39. First Battle of Bull Run
40. Battle of Shiloh
41.Battle of Antietam
42. Battle of Fredericksburg
43. Battle of Chancellorsville
44. Battle of Gettysburg
45. Siege of Vicksburg
46. Sherman’s March to the Sea
47. Surrender at Appomattox Court House

48 Using pages 524-527, describe the proclamation that Lincoln issued to free the slaves

______

49. Why was this document originally criticized by many Northerners?

______

50. What movement would later help to give African Americans equality? ______

And phew…You are done! 

In other words…this review guide is HISTORY!