ALCOHOL 2006 <623>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17134512
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
Authors Moussas G. Tzemos L. Pavlopoulos V. Papadimitriou K. Menoutis V. Lykouras L.
Authors Full Name Moussas, Georgios. Tzemos, Leonidas. Pavlopoulos, Vassilis. Papadimitriou, Konstantinos. Menoutis, Vassilis. Lykouras, Lefteris.
Institution
Secont Psychiatric Department Medical School University of Athens Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Title
Alcohol use and abuse in training conscripts of the Hellenic navy.
Source
Annals of General Psychiatry. 5:21, 2006.
Journal Name
Annals of General Psychiatry
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1698475
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Alcohol abuse and addiction are big current problems of the developed world having multivariate causality and multiple effects. Alcohol abuse in young people is a matter of central importance due to its wide range long lasting effects, especially so in Greece where the problem has only recently started growing. The Hellenic Navy is interested in the complications of alcohol abuse in training conscripts. Because young conscripts will be placed in demanding positions, but also because in Greece the military service is obligatory and represents an important period for the socialization of young men. METHODS: In the present study, levels of alcohol use and abuse were measured in a sample of 650 male training conscripts of the Hellenic Navy. The tools used are: (a) two questionnaires measuring frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption and psychosocial variables, (b) the CAGE test, which is a questionnaire measuring hidden alcoholism. RESULTS: 38,1% conscripts were characterized problematic drinkers according the adolescents criteria. Additional psychological complications were related to alcohol use. Using the stricter criterion for adults (plus psychological complications) 8.9% were found to be problematic drinkers. The use of CAGE questionnaire which is measuring hidden alcoholism, identified 16% of the total sample as hidden alcoholics. DISCUSSION: The findings regarding unregular levels of alcohol use and abuse are presented as well as their relation to psychosocial complications and to demographic characteristics. The results are discussed in the light of Creek and international bibliography.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 5
Page 21
ALCOHOL (A) 2006 <872>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17054780
Status MEDLINE
Authors Morozova TV. Anholt RR. Mackay TF.
Authors Full Name Morozova, Tatiana V. Anholt, Robert R H. Mackay, Trudy F C.
Institution
WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Title
Transcriptional response to alcohol exposure in Drosophila melanogaster.
Source
Genome Biology. 7(10):R95, 2006.
Journal Name
Genome Biology
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1794562
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcoholism presents widespread social and human health problems. Alcohol sensitivity, the development of tolerance to alcohol and susceptibility to addiction vary in the population. Genetic factors that predispose to alcoholism remain largely unknown due to extensive genetic and environmental variation in human populations. Drosophila, however, allows studies on genetically identical individuals in controlled environments. Although addiction to alcohol has not been demonstrated in Drosophila, flies show responses to alcohol exposure that resemble human intoxication, including hyperactivity, loss of postural control, sedation, and exposure-dependent development of tolerance. RESULTS: We assessed whole-genome transcriptional responses following alcohol exposure and demonstrate immediate down-regulation of genes affecting olfaction, rapid upregulation of biotransformation enzymes and, concomitant with development of tolerance, altered transcription of transcriptional regulators, proteases and metabolic enzymes, including biotransformation enzymes and enzymes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis. Functional tests of P-element disrupted alleles corresponding to genes with altered transcription implicated 75% of these in the response to alcohol, two-thirds of which have human orthologues. CONCLUSION: Expression microarray analysis is an efficient method for identifying candidate genes affecting complex behavioral and physiological traits, including alcohol abuse. Drosophila provides a valuable genetic model for comparative genomic analysis, which can inform subsequent studies in human populations. Transcriptional analyses following alcohol exposure in Drosophila implicate biotransformation pathways, transcriptional regulators, proteolysis and enzymes that act as metabolic switches in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism as important targets for future studies of the physiological consequences of human alcohol abuse.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 10
Volume 7
Page R95
ALCOHOL (A) 2006 <876>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17147806
Status MEDLINE
Authors Acquaah-Mensah GK. Misra V. Biswal S.
Authors Full Name Acquaah-Mensah, George K. Misra, Vikas. Biswal, Shyam.
Institution
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy-Worcester, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608-1715, USA.
Title
Ethanol sensitivity: a central role for CREB transcription regulation in the cerebellum.
Source
BMC Genomics. 7:308, 2006.
Journal Name
BMC Genomics
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1698922
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lowered sensitivity to the effects of ethanol increases the risk of developing alcoholism. Inbred mouse strains have been useful for the study of the genetic basis of various drug addiction-related phenotypes. Inbred Long-Sleep (ILS) and Inbred Short-Sleep (ISS) mice differentially express a number of genes thought to be implicated in sensitivity to the effects of ethanol. Concomitantly, there is evidence for a mediating role of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling in aspects of alcoholism modelled in animals. In this report, the extent to which CREB signalling impacts the differential expression of genes in ILS and ISS mouse cerebella is examined. RESULTS: A training dataset for Machine Learning (ML) and Exploratory Data Analyses (EDA) was generated from promoter region sequences of a set of genes known to be targets of CREB transcription regulation and a set of genes whose transcription regulations are potentially CREB-independent. For each promoter sequence, a vector of size 132, with elements characterizing nucleotide composition features was generated. Genes whose expressions have been previously determined to be increased in ILS or ISS cerebella were identified, and their CREB regulation status predicted using the ML scheme C4.5. The C4.5 learning scheme was used because, of four ML schemes evaluated, it had the lowest predicted error rate. On an independent evaluation set of 21 genes of known CREB regulation status, C4.5 correctly classified 81% of instances with F-measures of 0.87 and 0.67 respectively for the CREB-regulated and CREB-independent classes. Additionally, six out of eight genes previously determined by two independent microarray platforms to be up-regulated in the ILS or ISS cerebellum were predicted by C4.5 to be transcriptionally regulated by CREB. Furthermore, 64% and 52% of a cross-section of other up-regulated cerebellar genes in ILS and ISS mice, respectively, were deemed to be CREB-regulated. CONCLUSION: These observations collectively suggest that ethanol sensitivity, as it relates to the cerebellum, may be associated with CREB transcription activity.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 7
Page 308
ALCOHOL 2006 <881>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17092339
Status MEDLINE
Authors Jones GY. Hoffmann NG.
Authors Full Name Jones, Gail Yvonne. Hoffmann, Norman G.
Institution
Rehabilitation for Addicted Prisoners Trust U.K., 39 Wellington Street, Thame, Oxfordshire, 0X9 3BW, UK.
Title
Alcohol dependence: international policy implications for prison populations.
Source
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, & Policy. 1:33, 2006.
Journal Name
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, & Policy
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1664557
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In light of the emphasis on drug abuse, this study explored the relative prevalence of substance use disorders among United Kingdom (UK) prison inmates in the context of findings from a general inmate population in the United States (US). The lead author of the report conducted a structured diagnostic interview with 155 new admissions to one of two prisons in the UK using the CAAPE (Comprehensive Addiction And Psychological Evaluation), a structured diagnostic interview, to ensure consistent assessments. The US sample consisted of 6,881 male inmates in a state prison system evaluated with an automated version of the SUDDS-IV (Substance Use Disorder Diagnostic Schedule-IV) interview. RESULTS: Alcohol dependence emerged as the most prevalent substance use disorder in both UK prisons and in the US sample. Relative frequencies of abuse and dependence for alcohol and other drugs revealed that dependence on a given substance was more prevalent than abuse ad defined by the current diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSION: Despite the emphasis on drugs in correctional populations, alcohol dependence appears to be the most prominent substance use disorder among the incarcerated in both the US and UK and must be considered in developing treatment programs and policy priorities.
General Note Original DateCompleted: 20070711
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 1
Page 33
ALCOHOL (A) 2006 <882>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17117962
Status MEDLINE
Authors Hemby SE. O'connor JA. Acosta G. Floyd D. Anderson N. McCool BA. Friedman D. Grant KA.
Authors Full Name Hemby, Scott E. O'connor, Joann A. Acosta, Glen. Floyd, Donald. Anderson, Nancy. McCool, Brian A. Friedman, David. Grant, Kathleen A.
Institution
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
Title
Ethanol-induced regulation of GABA-A subunit mRNAs in prefrontal fields of cynomolgus monkeys.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 30(12):1978-85, 2006 Dec.
Journal Name
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence indicates that functional impairment of the orbital and medial fields of the prefrontal cortex may underlie the deficits in executive control of behavior that characterize addictive disorders, including alcohol addiction. Moreover, previous studies have indicated that alcohol alters GABA neurotransmission and one substrate of these effects may be through the reconfiguration of the subunits constituting the GABA(A) receptor complex. Given that GABAergic transmission has an integral role in cortical processing, influencing local and interregional communication, understanding alcohol-induced alterations in GABA(A) receptors in prefrontal fields of the primate brain may provide insight into the functional impairment of these brain regions in the alcohol-addicted state and extend our understanding of the molecular consequences of long-term use in these critical brain regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: To address this problem, the effects of chronic ethanol self-administration in male cynomolgus monkeys on GABA(A) receptor subunit mRNA expression was studied in 3 frontal cortical fields: orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; area 13), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; area 24), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; area 46). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed significant alterations in GABA(A) subunit mRNA expression in the OFC and DLPFC but not in the ACC. Specifically, expression of the alpha2, alpha4, beta1, beta3, and gamma1 to gamma3 subunit mRNAs was significantly less in the OFC, whereas the expression of beta1, beta2, gamma1, and delta subunit mRNAs was less in the DLPFC of alcohol-treated monkeys. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ethanol-induced alterations in GABA(A) function may be due to alterations in GABA(A) subunit mRNA levels and subunit-specific alterations are selective to particular cortical fields.
ISSN Print 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural.
Date of Publication 2006 Dec
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 12
Volume 30
Page 1978-85
ALCOHOL 2006 <900>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16877949
Status MEDLINE
Authors Steffens AA. Moreira LB. Fuchs SC. Wiehe M. Gus M. Fuchs FD.
Authors Full Name Steffens, Andre Avelino. Moreira, Leila Beltrami. Fuchs, Sandra Costa. Wiehe, Mario. Gus, Miguel. Fuchs, Flavio Danni.
Institution
Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Title
Incidence of hypertension by alcohol consumption: is it modified by race?
Source
Journal of Hypertension. 24(8):1489-92, 2006 Aug.
Journal Name
Journal of Hypertension
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of race, binge drinking and alcohol addiction on the association between consumption of alcoholic beverages and incidence of hypertension. METHODS: In a population-based cohort study, 1089 adults were interviewed and had blood pressure and anthropometric measurements carried out at home. Their alcohol consumption was ascertained by an amount-frequency questionnaire. Binge drinking was defined as consumption of five or more drinks on one occasion for men or four drinks for women, and abuse of alcohol as consumption of 30 g/day or more in men or 15 g/day or more in women. Incident cases of hypertension were characterized by blood pressure > or = 140/90 mmHg or use of hypertension medication. RESULTS: Among 589 normotensive individuals in the baseline visit, 127 incident cases of hypertension were identified, after a follow-up of 5.6 +/- 1.1 years. Binge drinking and alcohol dependency were not associated with the incidence of hypertension. Adjusted (age, education) risk ratios for the incidence of hypertension (95% confidence interval) were significant only for non-white abusers of ethanol: 11.8 (1.6-86.9). Systolic blood pressure of black abusers increased by 16.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg, in comparison with 4.9 +/- 1.5 mmHg among white abusers (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Individuals with an African ancestry, who consumed larger amounts of ethanol, are at higher risk of developing hypertension. This risk is not explained by a binge drinking pattern or addiction to alcohol.
ISSN Print 0263-6352
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2006 Aug
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 8
Volume 24
Page 1489-92
ALCOHOL 2006 <903>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16854662
Status MEDLINE
Authors Ilhan IO. Demirbas H. Dogan YB.
Authors Full Name Ilhan, Inci Ozgur. Demirbas, Hatice. Dogan, Yildirim B.
Institution
Alcohol and Substance Dependence Treatment Unit, Psychiatric Clinic of Ankara University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Title
Validation study of the Turkish version of the Yale - Brown obsessive compulsive scale for heavy drinking in a group of male patients.