Data Retrieval Chart Your Name: Jenna Allman

Data Retrieval Chart Your Name: Jenna Allman

Use Best Book of Pirates and other resources, including the Web sites listed on the chart.

List fascinating facts for each category of information. If you can’t find a fact for a category, make up a question. Be sure to research the author(s) of each Web site and put that information under the link to the Web site.

Internet Site/
Information about the Author / History of Pirates / Sailors and Piracy / Buccaneers / Privateers
/

They are called, marooners, buccaneers, privateers and pirates
Depending on the source they can all mean the same
Merchant- ship commissioned by a government or company to perform specific noncombatant tasks, such as shipping cargo, transporting slaves, or perhaps obtaining bread fruit
The men aboard were called merchants, merchant sailors, or merchant marines
The crew received their pay from the company or nation that outfitted the ship

Anyone who robs at sea is and was a pirate
When privateers exceeded the bounds of their commission, they became pirates
There is a thin line between smugglers and pirates. The thin line was smugglers didn't rob per-se, they just brought in goods that had been stolen or were not properly taxed by the authorities.
Many terms used to describe the life of piracy- Brethren of the Coast or Brotherhood of the Coast, On the Account, Gentleman of Fortune, Sea Dog, Sailing with the Devil, Sailing Under Articles
By law, they can be arrested, prosecuted, and sentenced by any state that captures them

French settlers in the Caribbean who used to barbecue or "smoke" wild boar and oxen
A boucan or buccan is the native South American name for a wooden framework or hurdle on which meat was roasted or smoked over a fire
Boucanier literally means "someone who makes smoke"
Known as the "Brothers of the Coast" Many were French sailors who had jumped ship to avoid the harsh discipline of life at sea
They settled in the numerous small islands in the Caribbean and for the most part wanted nothing to do with the world outside their little hunting parties

An armed ship under papers to a government or a company to perform specific tasks
The papers were usually referred to as a Marque of Letters
Some times these letters would give the captain rights to act in the behalf of a certain company or government to commit acts of reprisal, escort merchants, or protect coastal areas or property
Privateer was not paid by the nation or company but paid by taking spoils from ships or properties they attacked or fought off

Pirates are considered common enemies of all people
9th-11th centuries, Vikings terrorized western European coasts and waters
Muslim rovers scourged the Mediterranean Sea

Piracy– the crime of robbery, or other act of violence for private ends
Recognized as an offense against the law of nations, or all humanity
Piracy continued until 19th century

English, Dutch, and French seafaring adventurers of 17th century
Sir Francis Drake, Sir Henry Morgan, and Sir Richard Hawkins
Also called freebooters
Harassed Spanish colonies in 17th century

Legally abolished by the Declaration of Paris of 1856
Had government commissions
Privately owned armed vessel whose owners are commissioned by a hostile nation to carry on naval warfare
Hague Conference of 1907 prescribed the conditions under which a private merchant vessel converted to war purposes has the status of a warship

Letter of Marque– a special license that was given to some ship captains which allowed them to commit piracy on an offending country without fear of being booked with piracy
Punishments: tied to the mast of a ship and whipped, hung by either the quartermaster or when they were captured by the Spanish or other enemy, or maroon them on a deserted island without food or water

1519-1780 was known as the Golden Age of Piracy
Piracy was strong in the Pacific and Indian Oceans
Queen Elizabeth made her best sailors provateers
They attacked the Spanish colony settlements and merchants ships who were bringing supplies from Spain
Blackbeard was the first pirate to call his flag the Jolly Roger

These pirates were made up of a group of men from Holland, England, France, and another group of pirates called the Barbary corsairs who were chased out of the Barbary Coast when merchant captains from France and England got tired of being captured and robbed by the French Corsairs
They used special knives called “boucans”
It became the favorite weapon of these pirates of the Caribbean so they became buccaneers

Armed merchant ships commissioned by the national government of a belligerent country to interdict and capture enemy merchant vessels on the high seas
Motivation was greed mixed with a sense of adventure and patriotism
The Revolution and the War of 1812
They were a symbol of the little power striking out and triumphing over superior overwhelming might
Had the right to prey on British shipping

The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Pirates /

Vikings- 1st pirates
Viking women as pirates
As early as 400 CD Asian pirates sailed– influenced economic dynamics of the entire region

During wartime, governments sanctioned piracy against their enemy
Pirates wanted parrots once they realized they could mimic speech

Originally French and English game hunters of the 17th century living on the islands of Hispaniola
Their hatred for Spanish was so intense they actively attacked their ships and settlements

During time of war, government officials legally commissioned “civilian” sailing men to attack enemy ships and cities
They were considered adjuncts to state navies

Buccaneers 1620-1700 /

Before, they were predominately hunters
In the 1630’s they began to evolve into pirates

“Brethren-of-the-Coast”- pirate bands called themselves this

Hunters who cured meat they caught by smoking it in fire
They used a smoking platform known as a boucan
The hunters became known as boucaneers, which evolved into buccaneer

Colonial governors issued “Letters of Marque” during wartime granting the recipient status of a privateer
Chance for buccaneers to give their piratical activities a veneer of legitimacy