2016届高三英语限时阅读
A
CUYAHOGA COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
※Bay Village Branch, 502 Cahoon Road, 440-871-6392.
▲The Egyptian Pyramids, 7 p. m. Sept. 19. Join us as Don King, a long-time student of Egyptology, discusses the pyramids and presents the possible theories of the construction, design and mysteries surrounding these ancient wonders.
▲Join us as local Bay Village resident, Tom Bell, discusses his book“My Dad Is a Freak: a Memoir”, 7 p. m. Sept. 27.
※Fairview Park Branch, 21255 Lorain Road, 440-333-4700 or cuyahogalibrary. org.
▲Dress for Success, 7 p. m. Sept. 19. First impressions count. Some job recruiters(招聘人员)use appearance to determine self-esteem, respect, confidence and organizational skills. Learn how to dress to emphasize your strengths and improve your employ ability. Registration required.
▲Music Study Groups, 1: 15—2: 45 p. m. Wednesdays, Sept. 19—Nov. 28. Explore current concert music performed by The Cleveland Orchestra at Severance Hall through informal lectures and listening. Classes are designed for both new and experienced music lovers and are led by Dr. Rose Breckenridge.
▲Practical Herbs, 7 p. m. Oct. 3. Famous doctor Sarah Hurt will talk about growing, drying and storing herbs and how to use them. Registration required.
※North Olmsted Branch, 27403 Lorain Road. 440-777-6211 or cuyahogalibrary. org.
▲Job Club, 1: 30—3 p. m. Tuesdays. Join Jim Hansen for helpful tips on resumes, job search strategies and interviewing. Anyone who is job hunting or looking to change careers is welcome.
▲War of 1812, 7—8: 45 p. m. Sept. 17. This year marks the 200th anniversary. Professor Catherine Rokicky from Cuyahoga Community College will give a presentation about the war, and immediately following we’ll discuss the book“Mr. and Mrs. Madison’s War: America’s First Couple and the Second War of Independence” by Hugh Howard. Registration required.
※Olmsted Falls Library, 7850 Main St. Olmsted Falls. 440-235-1150 or cuyahogalibrary. org.
▲Family Story-time, 7—7: 30 p. m. Wednesdays, through Nov. 27. Join us for rhymes, songs, finger-plays and a story or two. For children ages birth through age 8 with their caregivers.
▲Huntington Practice SAT Test, 10 a. m. to 1 p. m. Sept. 15. Follow up, 4—5 p. m. Sept. 26. Get ready for college by taking a practice SAT exam. Discuss strategies to improve your score, and get tips on preparing for the real exam. Registration required.
▲Imaginative Illustrations, 11 a. m. to noon Sept. 29. A hands-on drawing program where children exercise their imagination while experiencing some basic techniques of cartooning. Grades K-5. Registration required.
56. In order to help yourself find a new job soon, you’d better go to______.
A. Bay Village Branch and Fairview Park Branch
B. North Olmsted Branch and Olmsted Falls Library
C. Fairview Park Branch and Olmsted Falls Library
D. Fairview Park Branch and North Olmsted Branch
57. It is learned from the passage that______.
A. you can study music for more than one month in Fairview Park Branch
B. you can get the information about the four branches on the Internet
C. you can choose to take part in all the mentioned events in the afternoon
D. both Don King and Catherine Rokicky are college professors
B
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility（无法再现）of many published research findings.
“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny（细查）by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE members will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
Asked whether any particular papers had pushed the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”
Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”
John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue”, “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review”, he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line,” engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.
58. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that______.
A. Science intends to simplify its peer-review process
B. journals are strengthening their statistical checks
C. few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
D. lack of data analysis is common in research projects
59. The phrase flagged up (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to______.
A. found B. revised C. marked D. stored
60. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now______.
A. adds to researchers’ workload B. diminishes the role of reviewers
C. has room for further improvement D. is to fail in the foreseeable future
61. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors Desks
D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
C
It’s possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn’t awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement(毕业典礼)speaker spot at yesterday’s graduation. There’s no question Oprah’s achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone of world’s most successful entertainment icons (代表人物) and the first African-American female billionaire.
Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvard’s list in recent years has included Kofi fi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah’s list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Mery1 Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah’s particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto（座右铭）, Veritas, means truth. Oprah’s passionate advocacy(主张) extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprah’s confirmation of jenny McCarthy’s claim that vaccines cause autism (自闭症) has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines（疫苗）.
Famous people are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us. and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional pnonties and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students. Oprah was a widely popular choice.
But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College. Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections. “It seems very odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational… at a time when political and religious nonsense harm the rule of reason in this so-called democracy and around the world.”
As America’s oldest and most visible university. Harvard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry.
Unfortunately，many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard′s public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.
As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, it’s easy to lose sight of their primary mission: to produce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational and serious discussion and vigorous defense of the scientific method. Oprah Winfrey’s honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.
62. What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage?
A. She was a distinguished graduate of Harvard School of Law.
B. She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.
C. She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother.
D. She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.
63. Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to present an honorary degree to Oprah Winfrey?
A. She did not specialize in the study of law.
B. She was known as a supporter of fake science.
C. She was an icon of the entertainment industry
D. She had not distinguished herself academically.
64. How did Harry Lewis react to Harvard’s decision in his blog post?
A. He was strongly against it.
B. He considered it unpopular.
C. He thought it would help enhance Harvard’s reputation.
D. He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community.
65. What is the author’s regret about many American universities?
A. They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry
B. They fall short of expectations in teaching and research
C. They attach too much importance to public relations
D. They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense
D
Rosemary sat at her kitchen table, working a crossword puzzle. Crosswords were nice; they filled the time, and kept the mind active. She needed just one word to complete this morning’s puzzle; the clue was “a Swiss river,” and the first of its three letters was “A”. Unfortunately, Rosemary had no idea what the name of river was, and could not look it up. Her atlas was on her desk, and the desk was in the guest room, currently being occupied by her grandson Victor.
Looking up over the tops of her glasses, Rosemary glanced at the kitchen clock: it was almost 10 a.m. Land sakes! Did the boy intend to sleep all day? She noticed the pain in her wrist again, and put down her pen. Anyhow, at 87 years of age, she was glad she could still write at all. She had decided long ago that growing old was like slowly turning to stone; you couldn’t take anything for granted. She stood up slowly, painfully, and started walking to the guest room.
The trip, though only a distance of about 25 feet, seemed to take a long while. Rosemary arrived at the door to the guest room. It stood slightly open, and she looked through the opening. Victor lay sleeping on his side, his arms bent, his expression slightly pained. Get up, lazy bones, she wanted to say. Even in childhood, Rosemary had never slept past 4 a.m.; there were too many chores to do. How different things were for Victor’s generation! Her youngest grandson behaved as if he had never done a chore in his life. Twenty-one years old, he had driven down to Florida to visit Rosemary in his shiny new car, a gift from his dear parents. Victor would finish college soon, and his future appeared bright — if he ever got out of bed, that is.
Something Victor had said last night over dinner had disturbed her. Now what was it? Oh yes; he had been talking about one of his college courses —a “gut”，he had called it. When she had asked him to explain the word, Victor had said it was a course that you took simply because it was easy to pass. Rosemary, who had not even had a high school education, found the word unpleasant. If she had been allowed to continue her studies, she would never have taken a “gut” ...
The memory flooded back then, still painful as an open wound all these years later. It was the first day of high school. She had graduated from grammar school the previous year, but her father had forbidden her to go to high school that autumn, saying she was needed on the farm. After much tearful begging, she had gotten him to promise that next year, she could start high school. She had endured a whole year of chores instead of books, with animals and rough farmhands for company instead of people of her own age. Now, at last, the glorious day was at hand. She had put on her best dress (she owned two), her heart racing hopefully.