Crime Scenes Final Review Name: ______

  1. What are the three steps taken by the first officer on the scene?
  2. What is a chain of custody?
  3. What is a standard sample?
  4. What are the three most basic types of crime scene recording methods? Name and describe them.
  5. What are the parts that need to be included on all crime scene sketches?
  6. What does the fourth amendment state and why are its contents important to police investigation?
  7. Why is recording a crime scene accurately important? Name two reasons in your answer.
  8. What is the main prerequisite needed to properly photograph a crime scene?
  9. Describe the lead investigator’s job in evaluating a crime scene.
  10. What would the correct packaging be for charred material found at a crime scene? Why would you use this type of packaging?
  1. What would the correct packaging be for bloodstained material found at a crime scene? Why would you use this type of packaging?
  2. Would a fiber found at a crime scene mostly contain DNA evidence?
  3. Why should the member of a crime scene team separate witnesses?
  4. What methods are typically used to permanently document a crime scene by CSI’s?

Physical/Trace Evidence Final Review Name: ______

  1. What is the value of class physical evidence?
  2. When observing evidence, what is comparison?
  3. What is an individual characteristic?
  4. What is a class characteristic?
  5. How can you determine the direction the glass was broken?
  6. What is Locard’s Exchange Principle and how is this principle important to forensic science?
  7. Explain how you can determine the difference between the entry and exit points of a piece of glass that has been hit by a projectile.
  8. Explain how glass cracks. In your answer, include radial and concentric fractures.
  9. Given two glass fractures located side-by-side, explain how you can determine which fracture occurred first
  10. A hit-and-run scene would have what type of physical evidence?
  11. Label the parts of the microscope below with their correct name:
  12. ______
  13. ______
  14. ______
  15. ______
  16. ______
  17. ______
  18. ______
  19. ______
  20. ______
  21. ______
  22. ______
  23. ______

Fingerprints Final Review Name: ______

  1. Define fingerprints.
  2. Who wrote the book, “Finger Prints”?
  3. State the three principles of fingerprinting.
  4. What are the two things on a finger that are deposited on a surface in order to produce a latent print?
  5. What are two ways criminals have tried to hide their fingerprints?
  6. What are the three main patterns and their sub groups?
  7. Define Latent print, Visible print and Plastic print
  8. Name the techniques used to recover latent prints on hard, non-porous surfaces.
  9. Name the techniques used to recover latent prints on soft, porous surfaces.
  10. What is “lifting” a print.
  11. Besides identification, why is having the friction ridges that make your fingerprints important?
  12. What are minutiae points and how are they important to the individuality of fingerprints?
  13. What is the most common type of fingerprint pattern? The rarest type of pattern?
  14. What is AFIS?
  15. Define delta.
  16. Know the correct % distribution of loops, arches, and whorls found in the general population.
  17. Fingerprints are which type of evidence?
  18. Iodine fumed fingerprints on paper appear what color?
  19. Describe each of the following methods for revealing fingerprints, including what the print looks like:
  20. Cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming
  21. Casting
  22. Iodine
  23. Ninhydrin
  24. Silver Nitrate
  25. Dusting

Blood Final Review Name: ______

  1. What is the one thing that can make blood an individual characteristic?
  2. Where is the DNA located in the blood?
  3. List the four “main” types of blood along with the antigens and antibodies that would be found together.
  4. Explain the test that would be used to determine blood type.
  5. Who was the scientist that won a Nobel Prize for his work with blood typing?
  6. What two parts of the blood have the most forensic information?
  7. What are antibodies and where are they found?
  8. What is a luminol test? What would a positive reaction look like?
  9. What is the Kastle-Meyer Color Test? What would a positive reaction look like?
  10. What is the precipitin test? What does it test for?
  11. What does a blood stain that has impacted a site at LESS than 90 degrees look like?
  12. What shape does a blood stain that has impacted a site at a 90 angle have?
  13. What is agglutination? When does it happen?
  14. What is serology?
  15. What is hemoglobin and why is it important?
  16. What is exsanguination?
  17. Type AB blood contains what antigens and antibodies?
  18. What is the string method is used to find at a crime scene?
  19. Backward spatter produced by a gunshot wound can tell investigators______
  20. The removal of an object or surface that was located between the origin of blood and the target surface during the bloodstain deposition leaves behind ______
  21. The skeletonized perimeter of a bloodstain can be used to interpret______.
  22. Generally, bloodstain diameter ______as height increases.
  23. What velocity of blood spatter is described here:
  24. Speed = 100+ ft/second.
  25. Speed = about 5 ft/second.
  26. Speed = 6 – 25 ft/second.
  27. Less than 1 mm in diameter.
  28. Usually 3 mm or greater in diameter.
  29. Usually indicates blunt trauma, sharp trauma or cast-off.

DNA Final Review Name: ______

  1. What are DNA polymerases?
  2. Explain what a polymerase chain reaction technique accomplishes.
  3. Define Tandem repeats.
  4. What does RFLP stand for?
  5. What are RFLPs?
  6. What are restriction enzymes?
  7. What was the first type of DNA testing approved in the United States?
  8. What are the three main steps to DNA fingerprinting that is similar to all systems?
  9. What is the difference between RFLPs and STRs?
  10. What is the difference between flat gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis?
  11. How should you package DNA evidence?
  12. What is the process called in which DNA makes a copy of itself?
  13. What is a nitrogenous base? Where are they found in DNA?
  14. What does “DNA” stand for?
  15. What are the base pairing rules? How do they contribute to DNA’s ability to be replicated?
  16. What is CODIS and how does it help forensic scientists?
  17. Describe the process of PCR and explain why it is important to Forensic Science.
  18. How are RFLP’s used in Forensic Science?
  19. What is the sugar component of DNA called?
  20. What is the backbone of the DNA structure composed of?

Toxicology and Drugs Final Review Name: ______

  1. What is the difference between a central nervous system stimulant and a central nervous system depressant? Include in your answer one example of each.
  2. Define toxicology.
  3. What are some of the effects of anabolic steroids on the body?
  4. What will taking a depressant do to your heart rate?
  5. How does Cannabis differ chemically from other narcotics?
  6. Describe the effects of each of the types of drugs listed below:
  7. Steroids
  8. Opiates & Opioids
  9. Depressants
  10. Stimulants
  11. Cannabinoids
  12. Inhalants
  13. Halucinagens

Pathology & Entomology Final Review Name: ______

  1. What is rigor mortis?
  2. What is livor mortis?
  3. What is algor mortis?
  4. How does manner of death differ from the cause of death?
  5. What is the name of the person who performs autopsies in cases where the cause of death is questionable?
  6. What happens to the concentration of potassium in the vitreous humor of the eye after death?
  7. According to forensic entomologists, which "witness" (insect) is the first to arrive at the crime scene?
  8. How can investigators determine if a body has been tampered with at a crime scene?
  9. Put the following stages of decomposition in the correct order, then describe what is taking place in each and tell how long each one lasts:
  10. Dry Decay (Skeletal) #_____
  11. Butyric Fermentation #_____
  12. Active Decay (Putrifaction) #_____
  13. Fresh #_____
  14. Bloat #_____
  15. Define each of these terms, and tell how they are different from one another:
  16. Cause of Death
  17. Mechanism of Death
  18. Time of Death
  19. Manner of Death
  20. Define each manner of death:
  21. Homicide
  22. Suicide
  23. Accident
  24. Natural Causes
  25. Undetermined
  26. Unknown
  27. The following diseases can become deadly if left untreated. Pathologists are often required to search for signs of these diseases in an autopsy if certain symptoms show up in the victim. Describe the symptoms of each of these diseases:
  28. Rabies – Caused by a Rhabdovirus
  29. Tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani
  30. West Nile Virus transmitted by mosquitoes
  31. Pneumococcal Meningitis caused by many types of bacteria.

Anthropology Final Review Name: ______

  1. What part of the body would a forensic anthropologist most likely use to determine height?
  2. What part of the body would a forensic anthropologist most likely use to determine sex?
  3. What part of the body would a forensic anthropologist most likely use to determine race?
  4. What are defensive wounds and where would they be likely found?
  5. Forensic odontology refers to the study of ______.
  6. Define each of the following medical tests:
  7. PET Scan
  8. MRI
  9. CT Scan
  10. Polygraph
  11. Use the chart to determine the age of the following individuals:
  1. They have 32 teeth with no wear and tear
  2. They have 4 teeth
  3. They have 17 teeth
  1. Identify each of the bones labeled in the diagram:
  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______
  4. ______
  5. ______
  6. ______
  7. ______
  8. ______
  9. ______
  10. ______
  11. ______
  12. ______
  13. ______
  1. What is the race of a skull that has rectangular palate, wide nasal aperture, very pronounced zygomatic bones, rectangular eye sockets?______
  2. What is the race of a skull that has U-Shaped palate, medium-wide oval nasal aperture, slight zygomatic bones, Round eye sockets? ______
  3. What is the race of a skull that has V-Shaped palate, narrow nasal aperture, small zygomatic bones, slanted rectangular eye sockets? ______

Hair and Fiber Final Review Name: ______

  1. What organ produces hair?
  2. What are the three layers of the hair shaft?
  3. What part of the hair is needed to individualize the evidence?
  4. How many hair samples are required for a suspects scalp to provide a good representative sample?
  5. Which phase of hair growth is characteristic with having the best source of DNA?
  6. What characteristics does a CSI observe first when looking at hairs and fibers under a microscope?
  7. What is a natural fiber?
  8. What is a synthetic fiber?
  9. What are three properties looked at when analyzing fibers?
  10. Why is the cortex important in the hair shaft?
  11. What part of the hair shaft contains scales?
  12. What are the three main classifications of medullae?
  13. Which natural fiber is the most common?
  14. Which feature of hair is MOST important in making a species identification?
  15. Pigment granules that impart hair with color are found in the ______of the hair shaft.
  16. In what stage can a hair most readily be removed from the scalp?
  17. What type of evidence is hair without a follicular tag?
  18. Name the protein that hair is made up of.
  19. What structures are necessary for calculating the medullary index?
  20. Name the cuticle pattern of human hair.
  21. In which direction do hair cuticle scales point?
  22. How do forensic scientists determine if a fiber is hair or not?
  23. Define fiber
  24. Define yarn
  25. Define textiles
  26. Rayon, Dacron, Polyester and Acetate are all examples of ______fibers. Cotton, wool, silk, hemp and cashmere are all examples of ______fibers.
  27. Put the following stages of hair growth in the order in which they naturally occur, then describe each:
  28. Catagen # ______
  29. Telogen #______
  30. Anagen #______

Hair and Fiber Final Review Name: ______

  1. Who was Lombroso, and what was his argument?
  2. When a forensic profile is being created about an individual, what aspects about that person’s crime must be assumed to remain unchanged?
  3. Describe William Sheldon’s three body types and tell which he believed to most likely be a criminal.
  4. Describe Kohlberg’s stages of moral development.
  5. Define Modus Operandi.
  6. Define Signature.
  7. Define Staging.
  8. Contrast the two types of criminals (according to the FBI method) – Organized and Disorganized.

Compare psychosis to psychopathy.

General Forensics Final Review Name: ______

  1. What was the oldest laboratory in the US?
  2. What are 4 reasons for the rapid increase in the number of crime labs?
  3. What do the following stand for and what are they used for (Hint: they are all databases)?
  4. IAFIS
  5. CODIS
  6. NIBIN
  7. PDQ
  8. SICAR
  9. How do you obtain reference samples?
  10. What did each of these famous people (in the field of forensics) do?
  11. Francis Henry Galton
  12. Alphonse Bertillon
  13. Karl Landsteiner
  14. Edmond Locard
  15. Sir Alec Jeffreys
  16. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
  17. What is an expert witness and how do they differ from a lay witness?
  18. What are the basic metric units for mass, volume, and length?
  19. What is a physical property? Give one example of these types of properties.
  20. What is a chemical property? Give one example of these types of properties.
  21. Who developed the system known as anthropometry?
  22. Who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification?
  23. Which agency maintains the largest crime laboratory in the world?
  24. Which unit has the responsibility for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?
  25. What is an eyewitness?
  26. Define perception.
  27. What do Forensic Scientists do in court?
  28. Define direct evidence.
  29. Define circumstantial evidence
  30. Define trace evidence.