Composition and Functions of Blood

Circulatory System 17-20

Composition and Functions of Blood

1. Complete the following description of the components of blood by writing the missing words in the answer blanks.

1. ______In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a _1_ because it has living blood cells, called _2_, suspended in a

2. ______nonliving fluid matrix called _3_. The “fibers” of blood only become visible during _4_.

3.  ______

If a blood sample is centrifuged, the heavier blood cells become

4. ______packed at the bottom of the tube. Most of this compacted cell mass

composed of _5_, and the volume of the blood accounted for by

5. ______these cells is referred to as the _6_. The less dense _7_ rises to

the top and constitutes about 55% of the blood volume. The so-

6. ______so-called “buffy coat” composed of _8_ and _9_ is found at the

junction between the other two blood elements. The buffy coat

7. ______accounts for less than _10_% of blood volume.

8. ______Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with _11_; otherwise, it tends to be dark red.

9.  ______

10. ______

11. ______

2. Using key choices, identify the cell types(s) or blood elements that fit the following descriptions. Insert the correct letter response in the spaces provided. Some questions may have more than one answer.

a. red blood cell d. basophil g. formed elements

b. eosinophil e. monocyte h. plasma

c. lymphocyte f. neutrophil

______1. Also called white blood cells

______2. Least numerous leukocyte

______3. (a) through (f) are examples of these

______4. Releases histamine during inflammatory reactions

______5. Primary water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood

______6. Contains hemoglobin; therefore involved in oxygen transport

______7. Most numerous leukocyte

______8. Granular leukocytes

______9. Actively phagocytic leukocytes

______10. Also called an erythrocyte; anucleate

3. Four leukocytes are diagrammed in Figure 17-1. First, follow directions (given below) for coloring each leukocyte as it appears when stained with Wright’s stain. Then, identify each leukocyte type by writing in the correct name in the blank below the illustration.

A.  Color the granules pale purple, the cytoplasm pink, and the nucleus dark purple.

B.  Color the nucleus deep blue and the cytoplasm pale blue.

C.  Color the granules bright red, the cytoplasm pale pink, and the nucleus red/purple.

D.  For this smallest white blood cell, color the nucleus deep purple/blue and the sparse cytoplasm

pale blue.

Figure 17-1

Hemostasis

4. Using the key choices, correctly complete the following description of the blood-clotting process. Insert the letter in the answer blanks.

a. erythrocytes c. fibrinogen e. thrombin g. prothrombin

b. break d. fibrin f. platelets

_____ 1. Clotting begins when a _1_ occurs in a blood vessel wall. Almost immediately, _2_ cling to the blood vessel wall and release serotonin, which helps to decrease

_____ 2. blood loss by constricting the vessel. Thromboplastin is also released by damaged cells in this area. This chemical substances causes _3_ to be

_____ 3. converted to _4_. Once present, thrombin acts as an enzyme to attach _5_ molecules together to form long, threadlike strands of _6_, which then traps _7_

_____ 4. flowing by in the blood.

_____ 5.

_____ 6.

_____ 7.

Transfusion and Blood Replacement

5. Correctly complete the following table concerning ABO blood groups.

Agglutinins or

Agglutinogens antibodies in Can donate Can receive blood

Blood Type or antigens plasma blood to type from type

6. What blood type is the universal receiver? ______

7. What blood type is the universal donor? ______

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart

6. The heart is called a double pump because it serves two circulations. Trace the flow of blood through both the pulmonary and systemic circulations by writing the missing terms in the answer blanks.

______1. From the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the _1_, through the _2_ valve to the pulmonary trunk to the right and

______2. left _3_, to the capillary beds of the _4_, to the _5_, to the _6_ of the heart through the _7_ valve, to the _8_ through

______3. the _9_ semilunar valve, to the systemic arteries, to the _10_ of the body tissues, to the systemic veins, to the _11_ and

______4. _12_, which enter the right atrium of the heart.

______5. ______9.

______6. ______10.

______7. ______11.

______8. ______12.

Mechanical Events: The Cardiac Cycle

7. The events of one complete heartbeat are referred to as the cardiac cycle. Complete the following statements that describes these events.

a. atria d. semilunar g. diastole

b. ventricles e. lub-dup h. systole

c. atrioventricular f. murmurs

_____ 1. The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as _1_, and the period of ventricular relaxation is called _2_. The monosyllables describing heart

_____ 2. sounds during the cardiac cycle are _3_. The first heart sound is a result of closure of the _4_ valves; closure of the _5_ valves causes the second

_____ 3. heart sound. The heart chambers that have just been filled when your hear the first heart sound are the _6_, and the chambers that have just

_____ 4. emptied are the _7_. Immediately after the second heart sound, the _8_ are filling with blood, and the _9_ are empty. Abnormal heart sounds, or

_____ 5. _10_, usually indicate valve problems.

_____ 6.

_____ 7.

_____ 8.

_____ 9.

_____ 10.

8. Using key choices, identify the vessels described as follows. Place the correct letter response in the answer blanks.

a. aorta d. coronary g. hepatic j. renal

b. cardiac e. femoral h. hepatic portal

c. cephalic f. gastric i. inferior vena cava

_____ 1. First artery that branches off the ascending aorta; serves the heart

_____ 2. Vein that drains the liver

_____ 3. Largest artery of the body

_____ 4. Deep vein of the thigh

_____ 5. Vein that drains the kidney

_____ 6. Largest vein below the thorax

_____ 7. Large vein that carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing

9. Match the terms in Column B with the appropriate descriptions in Column A.

_____ 1. Site of hematopoiesis in embryos a. lymph nodes

_____ 2. The largest lymphatic organ; a blood reservoir b. spleen

_____ 3. Removes aged and defective red blood cells c. thymus

_____ 4. Filter lymph d. tonsils

_____ 5. Particularly large and important during youth;

produces hormones that help to program the

immune system