Complete the Following Review in Pen Or Pencil on Lined Paper

SBI 3U: Biology SBI3U Exam Review June 2013

Complete the following review in pen or pencil on lined paper.

UNIT #1 Genetics

Key terms:

Sample Questions:

1.  Who was Mendel? Why is he considered the father of genetics?

2.  Explain Mendel’s laws of segregation.

3.  If you were to cross short haired rabbits (SS or Ss) with long haired rabbits (ss) and looked at the offspring, how could you tell if:

a.  Normal rules of dominance apply?

b.  Incomplete dominance was occurring?

c.  Co-dominance was occurring?

4.  In cats striped fur is recessive to plain fur. If a striped cat is mated with a heterozygous cat, give the genotypic and phenotypic percents of their offspring.

5.  In horses there are black and white horses. There are also brown horses which are a mix of the two. If two brown horses are crossed, give the genotypic and phenotypic percents of their offspring.

6.  If a horse has long ears (a dominant characteristic), how can you determine if its genotype was homozygous or heterozygous? Explain and show your work. (ie test cross)

7.  Explain multiple alleles in terms of human blood types.

a.  How is this also an example of both codominance and dominance?

b.  An AB blood type man and O blood type woman have a child. What is the chance that this child will be type O?

8.  Sex-linked problems using Punnett squares (ex. Colour blindness, hemophilia)… A man who is colour blind marries a woman who is a carrier. What is the chance of them having: a) a colour blind son b) a colour blind daughter?

9.  Use the pedigree to determine if the ‘taste-blindness’ trait is sex-linked or autosomal, recessive or dominant. Then determine the genotype of the individuals in the pedigree.

10.  Dihybrid crosses:

a.  What is a dihybrid cross?

b.  How is it different from a monohybrid cross?

c.  If you start with an organism that is purebred dominant for two traits and cross it with an organism that is purebred recessive of two traits what are the F1 and F2 genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the dihybrid crosses?

11.  Suppose a white, straight haired guinea pig mates with a brown, curly-haired animal. All five babies in their first litter have brown fur, but three are curly and two have straight hair. The second litter consists of six more brown offspring, where two are curly and four are straight haired.

a.  Assuming curly is dominant to straight, what are the genotypes of the parents and the offspring?

b.  What is the probability of getting two female guinea pigs with straight hair in a row?

12.  What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual?

13.  Mitosis vs. Meiosis

a.  Outline the stages of Mitosis and Meiosis.

b.  Create a table to compare/contrast these two processes.

14.  What are two possible outcomes of abnormal meiosis?

15.  What is the structure of DNA? What do A, G, T, C mean and how are they arranged in DNA?

UNIT #2 Diversity

Key Terms:

Sample questions:

1. Use the principles of binomial nomenclature to explain how are organisms scientifically named.

2. Why do we need a system for classification?

3. Explain the lytic cycle for viruses.

4. How are bacteria and viruses harmful? Helpful?

5. What are the 7 taxonomic divisions?

6. Use a dichotomous key to identify organisms.

7. State 4-5 things about the following KINGDOMS: Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Fungi. Give some example organisms for each.

8. What are the 2 bacterial kingdoms? What are the shapes of bacteria (ie. Staphylococcus,etc)

9. What are the different methods of bacterial reproduction?

10. Describe the 3 distinct groups that make up the kingdom Protista. What are representative organisms for each?

11. How are fungi different from plants?

12. What features are shared by all organisms in the animal kingdom?

14. State a characteristic and a representative organism for each of the following PHYLA: Arthropoda, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, mollusca, echinodermata, chordate

UNIT #3: Internal Systems

Key Terms:

Sample Questions:

Digestion Review

1.  Label the Internal Systems Unit diagrams – attached.

2.  Outline the pathway of digestion.

3.  Identify digestive organs involved in mechanical digestion.

4.  Identify the organs involved in chemical digestion. Name their digestive juices what they contain. Identify the enzymes and which macromolecules they digest.

5.  What does the liver produce? Where is this product stored? What does it do?

6.  You take a bite of an apple, name the organs that the piece will pass by in order and put these in a table. In the second column give the function of each structure.

7.  List 3 diseases of the digestive system; give their cause, symptoms and treatment.

Circulation Review

8.  Label the Internal Systems Unit diagrams – attached.

9.  Explain the flow of blood through the heart to parts of the body (including lungs)

10.  Compare structure and function of veins, capillaries, arteries.

11.  Compare structure and function of rbc (erythrocytes), wbc (leukocyctes), and platelets.

12.  What are the main functions of blood?

13.  List 3 diseases of the circulatory system; give their cause, symptoms and treatment.

14.  Starting at the heart put the following in order following a drop of blood: vein, venule, artery, heart, arteriole, capillary, vena cava.

15.  What happens when blood passes through the capillaries?

16.  What is your pulse and what causes it?

17.  What are the two numbers for blood pressure? What does each mean?

Respiration Review

18.  Label the Internal Systems Unit diagrams – attached.

19.  Explain what steps and muscles are involved in breathing. How do volume and pressure changes lead to inspiration and expiration?

20.  How is the air that is inhaled different than the air that is exhaled? (i.e. in terms of Carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations, for example)

21.  Explain the process of gas exchange at the lungs and at the tissues. What type of ‘respiration’ is each?

22.  Put the following structures of the respiratory system in order starting from the nose to the alveoli of your lungs in a table. In the second column give the function of the structure.

Trachea, epiglottis, nasal cavity, pharynx, bronchi, alveoli, bronchiole.

23.  Trace the pathway of an oxygen molecule from the external environment to the cell.

24.  How is the structure of the trachea/bronchi well suited to its function?

25.  What are tidal volume and vital capacity?

26.  List 3 diseases of the respiratory system; give their cause, symptoms and treatment.

Unit #4 Plants

Key Terms:

Sample Questions

1.  Label the diagrams from the plant unit (attached).

2.  What is the photosynthesis equation?

3.  How does the stem of a monocot differ from that of a dicot stem?

4.  Outline the steps of water/sugar transport in plants.

5.  What are tropisms? (phototropism, gravitropism, thigmotropism)

6.  What are plant growth regulators and how to they work? (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid)

7.  Give three differences between the following: Vascular vs. non-vascular plants; Gymnosperms vs. angiosperms; monocots vs. dicots.

8.  What is negative and positive tropism?

9.  Draw a diagram for each: phototropism, gravitropism, thigmotropism.

UNIT #5 Evolution

Key Terms:

Sample Questions:

1.  Outline the ideas and contributions of Lamarck, E. Darwin and Linnaeus, Cuvier and Lyell that lead to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

2.  What are the potential effects of mutations on a species? How do they affect reproductive success? Which type is most common? Will the mutation become more or less common in future generations? Why?

3.  Differentiate between homologous, analogous and vestigial features. How do these types of features support the theory of evolution?

4.  Why is competition within a species a key factor in evolution by natural selection?

5.  What observations and inferences did Darwin make while proposing the theory of evolution by natural selection? Define Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.

6.  Give 4 examples of observations that could falsify Darwin’s theory of evolution.

7.  How has the modern theory of evolution changed? What do we now know that Darwin did not? What have technological advances in DNA and fossils (more complete fossil evidence) contributed to the theory of evolution by natural selection?

8.  Differentiate between and give examples of the 3 following patterns of natural selection – directional, stabilizing and disruptive.

9.  What is sexual selection? How does this influence natural selection? Give an example.

10.  What is speciation? What are some modes of speciation? Identify the different mechanisms in each mode of speciation.

11.  What are some patterns of evolution? Differentiate between adaptive radiation, divergent, convergent and coevolution.

12.  In his spare time, Mr. Sicoli breeds a rare species of Tabby Cat in which there is a recessive disorder causing hairless cats. You have sampled a population of his cats and found that the percentage of hairless cats is 4%. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equations, find the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies of Mr. Sicoli’s Tabby Cats. Assuming Sicoli has a population of 200 cats, how many would be carriers of the recessive disorder.

INTERNAL SYSTEMS DIAGRAMS

PLANT Diagrams – Mix and match the title with the diagram and then label the parts

___Dicot Root cross-section ___Lateral view of root ___Leaf cross-section

___Dicot Stem cross-section ___Monocot stem cross-section ___Leaf blade