DRAFT - 11/6/2018

Metadata Models

From the SOW:

2. A brief report summarizing metadata models (e.g., OAIS, UDDI) (December 31, 2006).

This report focuses on metadata models that have been identified for possible use by the DRIADE project, based upon its currently established goals. The “models” referenced herein have been broken down into the following sections:

1. Metadata schemes
2. Metadata models and frameworks
3. Metadata "wrappers"
4. Vocabularies / Ontologies / Taxonomies

5. (Miscellaneous - to be determined)

1. Metadata Schemes

Dublin Core Metadata Element Set

“a standard for cross-domain information resource description”.

“The Dublin Core standard includes two levels: Simple and Qualified. Simple Dublin Core comprises fifteen elements; Qualified Dublin Core includes three additional elements (Audience, Provenance and RightsHolder), as well as a group of element refinements (also called qualifiers) that refine the semantics of the elements in ways that may be useful in resource discovery.” (Wikipedia)

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Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata (PREMIS)

(maintenance website)

“The Data Dictionary defines and describes an implementable set of core preservation metadata with broad applicability to digital preservation repositories.”

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Data Documentation Initiative (DDI)

“an international effort to establish a standard for technical documentation describing social science data. A membership-based Alliance is developing the DDI specification, which is written in XML.”

As a metadata model, the DDI allows for in-depth coverage. It has five main sections: Document Description, Study Description, Files Description, Data (Variables) Description, and Other Related Materials.

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Life Science Identifier (LSID)

“The LSID concept introduces a straightforward approach to naming and identifying data resources stored in multiple, distributed data stores in a manner that overcomes the limitations of naming schemes in use today.”

2. Metadata Models and Frameworks

Open Archival Information System (OAIS)

The OAIS model is widely used as a flexible framework for repository implementation and also as a convenient reference for related analysis, discussion, planning, etc. The document itself consists of a comprehensive description of an archival model, including definitions, diagrams, details of components and processes, and examples.

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Resource Description Framework (RDF)

“a general-purpose language for representing information in the Web.” (W3C)

“a family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata model using XML but which has come to be used as a general method of modeling knowledge, through a variety of syntax formats (XML and non-XML)… The RDF metadata model is based upon the idea of making statements about resources in the form of subject-predicate-object expressions, called triples in RDF terminology. “ (Wikipedia)

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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

“an entity relationship model as a generalized view of the bibliographic universe, intended to be independent of any cataloging code or implementation. The FRBR

report1 itself includes a description of the conceptual model (the entities, relationships, and attributes or metadata as we’d call them today), a proposed national level bibliographic record for all types of materials, and user tasks associated with the bibliographic resources described in catalogs, bibliographies, and other bibliographic tools.” (from Barbara Tillet: What is FRBR? A Conceptual Model

for the Bibliographic Universe - )

1Refers to the IFLA Final Report (URL shown above)

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Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS)

“an area of work developing specifications and standards to support the use of knowledge organisation systems (KOS) such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, other types of controlled vocabulary, and perhaps also terminologies and glossaries, within the framework of the Semantic Web.”

3. Metadata "Wrappers"

3A.Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)

A flexible XML container designed to accommodate transfer of metadata within the Submission Information Package, ArchivalInformation Package (AIP), and Dissemination Information Package (DIP) of the OAIS model.

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4. Vocabularies / Ontologies / Taxonomies

Ecological Metadata Language (EML)

An XML-based metadata specification that supports description of datasets, citations, software, and protocols.

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NBII Biological Data Profile (BDP)

“a common set of terminology and definitions for the documentation of biological data through the creation of extended elements and a profile of the FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata.”

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5. Miscellaneous

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DiGIR (Distributed Generic Information Retrieval)

“DiGIR is a protocol and a set of tools for linking a community of independent databases into a single, searchable “virtual” collection.”

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Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-MPH)

“a low-barrier mechanism for repository interoperability. Data Providers are repositories that expose structured metadata via OAI-PMH. Service Providers then make OAI-PMH service requests to harvest that metadata. OAI-PMH is a set of six verbs or services that are invoked within HTTP.”

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Representational State Transfer (REST)

An “architectural style for distributed hypermedia systems” (like the world wide web.)

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Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI)

“The Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) protocol is one of the major building blocks required for successful Web services. UDDI creates a standard interoperable platform that enables companies and applications to quickly, easily, and dynamically find and use Web services over the Internet. UDDI also allows operational registries to be maintained for different purposes in different contexts. UDDI is a cross-industry effort driven by major platform and software providers, as well as marketplace operators and e-business leaders within the OASIS standards consortium. “

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The Darwin Core

“The Darwin Core profile provides a list of suggested access points and recommendations for their usage for searching natural history specimen and observation databases. It provides suggestions for stringifying queries such that they are protocol independent. It also provides guidance as to the content, structure and format of records retrieved from an information server supporting the Darwin Core.”

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Minimum Information about a Phylogenetic Analysis (MIAPA) - in development

“We assert that the synergy between genomic and phylogenetic perspectives in comparative biology would be enhanced by the development and refinement of minimal reporting standards for phylogenetic analyses. Encouraged by the development of the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) standard, we propose a similar roadmap for the development of a Minimal Information About a Phylogenetic Analysis (MIAPA) standard.”