Appendix
Table A1. Spearman correlations (above diagonal) and associated p values (below diagonal) between variables used in calculating the urbanization scores. Loading in PCA1 scores (urbanization score) is also showed for each variable.
Built-up Area / Vegetation Cover / Human Population / LoadingBuilt-up Area / - / -0.22 / 0.54 / 0.63
Vegetation Cover / 0.13 / - / -0.21 / -0.56
Human Population / 0.00 / 0.15 / - / 0.54
Table A2.The ten most supported models for Aythya ferina during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / LogLik / AICc / ∆i / wi15 / -92.65 / 194.25 / 0.00 / 0.09
5 / -93.89 / 194.34 / 0.09 / 0.09
34 / -93.05 / 195.04 / 0.79 / 0.06
135 / -91.81 / 195.08 / 0.83 / 0.06
3 / -94.28 / 195.11 / 0.86 / 0.06
13 / -93.12 / 195.19 / 0.94 / 0.06
134 / -92.08 / 195.63 / 1.38 / 0.05
1345 / -90.79 / 195.67 / 1.42 / 0.05
25 / -93.40 / 195.75 / 1.50 / 0.04
35 / -93.49 / 195.94 / 1.69 / 0.04
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A3. The ten most supported models for Aythya ferina during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi125 / -84.40 / 180.26 / 0.00 / 0.21
12 / -85.81 / 180.57 / 0.31 / 0.18
124 / -84.63 / 180.73 / 0.47 / 0.17
1245 / -83.54 / 181.18 / 0.91 / 0.14
123 / -85.60 / 182.67 / 2.41 / 0.06
1235 / -84.38 / 182.86 / 2.60 / 0.06
1234 / -84.62 / 183.35 / 3.08 / 0.05
12345 / -83.34 / 183.55 / 3.29 / 0.04
235 / -86.67 / 184.81 / 4.55 / 0.02
23 / -88.55 / 186.06 / 5.80 / 0.01
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A4. The ten most supported models for Aythya fuligula during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi14 / -94.14 / 197.23 / 0.00 / 0.13
1 / -95.41 / 197.39 / 0.16 / 0.12
(Null) / -96.78 / 197.83 / 0.60 / 0.10
13 / -94.80 / 198.55 / 1.32 / 0.07
15 / -95.11 / 199.17 / 1.95 / 0.05
4 / -96.32 / 199.19 / 1.97 / 0.05
124 / -93.96 / 199.39 / 2.16 / 0.05
145 / -94.06 / 199.59 / 2.36 / 0.04
134 / -94.11 / 199.69 / 2.46 / 0.04
12 / -95.40 / 199.75 / 2.53 / 0.04
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A5. The ten most supported models for Aythya fuligula during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size,∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi13 / -73.07 / 155.08 / 0.00 / 0.21
123 / -72.21 / 155.88 / 0.80 / 0.14
134 / -72.65 / 156.76 / 1.68 / 0.09
135 / -72.75 / 156.95 / 1.87 / 0.08
1234 / -72.00 / 158.10 / 3.01 / 0.05
15 / -74.60 / 158.15 / 3.06 / 0.05
1235 / -72.03 / 158.17 / 3.08 / 0.04
(Null) / -77.13 / 158.53 / 3.45 / 0.04
1345 / -72.35 / 158.80 / 3.72 / 0.03
5 / -76.15 / 158.86 / 3.77 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A6. The ten most supported models for Fulica atra during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi13 / -98.60 / 206.16 / 0.00 / 0.20
135 / -97.76 / 206.99 / 0.84 / 0.13
15 / -99.08 / 207.12 / 0.97 / 0.12
134 / -98.46 / 208.38 / 2.22 / 0.07
123 / -98.58 / 208.63 / 2.47 / 0.06
1345 / -97.64 / 209.38 / 3.22 / 0.04
145 / -98.98 / 209.42 / 3.26 / 0.04
125 / -99.02 / 209.50 / 3.35 / 0.04
1235 / -97.71 / 209.52 / 3.36 / 0.04
1 / -101.69 / 209.94 / 3.79 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A7. The ten most supported models for Fulica atra during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi1234 / -86.04 / 186.17 / 0.00 / 0.17
1245 / -86.06 / 186.23 / 0.06 / 0.16
123 / -87.43 / 186.32 / 0.15 / 0.16
12345 / -85.27 / 187.42 / 1.25 / 0.09
1235 / -86.72 / 187.53 / 1.36 / 0.08
124 / -88.07 / 187.61 / 1.44 / 0.08
125 / -88.30 / 188.06 / 1.89 / 0.06
25 / -90.40 / 189.74 / 3.57 / 0.03
145 / -89.17 / 189.80 / 3.63 / 0.03
2 / -91.94 / 190.44 / 4.27 / 0.02
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A8. The ten most supported models for Bucephala clangula during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi(Null) / -92.61 / 189.50 / 0.00 / 0.21
3 / -92.36 / 191.29 / 1.79 / 0.09
5 / -92.49 / 191.55 / 2.04 / 0.08
1 / -92.52 / 191.60 / 2.10 / 0.07
4 / -92.52 / 191.60 / 2.10 / 0.07
2 / -92.57 / 191.70 / 2.19 / 0.07
35 / -91.80 / 192.54 / 3.04 / 0.05
15 / -92.29 / 193.53 / 4.02 / 0.03
45 / -92.29 / 193.53 / 4.03 / 0.03
23 / -92.30 / 193.55 / 4.05 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A9. The ten most supported models for Bucephala clangula during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi123 / -75.60 / 162.66 / 0.00 / 0.31
1234 / -75.25 / 164.59 / 1.93 / 0.12
1235 / -75.43 / 164.96 / 2.30 / 0.10
12 / -78.08 / 165.11 / 2.44 / 0.09
124 / -76.96 / 165.38 / 2.72 / 0.08
13 / -78.64 / 166.23 / 3.57 / 0.05
14 / -78.71 / 166.36 / 3.70 / 0.05
12345 / -75.08 / 167.02 / 4.36 / 0.03
134 / -77.78 / 167.03 / 4.37 / 0.03
1 / -80.26 / 167.07 / 4.41 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Mussel biomass
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A10. The ten most supported models for Larus michachellis during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi13 / -72.74 / 154.44 / 0.00 / 0.24
3 / -74.62 / 155.80 / 1.36 / 0.12
135 / -72.38 / 156.22 / 1.78 / 0.10
123 / -72.44 / 156.34 / 1.91 / 0.09
134 / -72.67 / 156.80 / 2.36 / 0.07
23 / -74.02 / 157.00 / 2.56 / 0.07
35 / -74.31 / 157.58 / 3.14 / 0.05
34 / -74.61 / 158.18 / 3.74 / 0.04
1235 / -72.15 / 158.39 / 3.95 / 0.03
1234 / -72.24 / 158.57 / 4.13 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Waste depot
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A11. The ten most supported models for Larus michachellis during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi123 / -62.90 / 137.27 / 0.00 / 0.33
23 / -65.37 / 139.70 / 2.43 / 0.10
1234 / -62.80 / 139.70 / 2.43 / 0.10
1235 / -62.90 / 139.90 / 2.63 / 0.09
12 / -65.52 / 139.99 / 2.72 / 0.08
125 / -64.78 / 141.02 / 3.75 / 0.05
124 / -64.91 / 141.28 / 4.01 / 0.04
234 / -65.19 / 141.85 / 4.58 / 0.03
235 / -65.35 / 142.17 / 4.90 / 0.03
2 / -67.90 / 142.36 / 5.09 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Waste depot
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A12.The ten most supported models for Larus canus during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi13 / -57.20 / 123.36 / 0.00 / 0.11
1 / -58.55 / 123.65 / 0.29 / 0.10
3 / -58.59 / 123.75 / 0.38 / 0.09
(Null) / -59.91 / 124.10 / 0.74 / 0.08
14 / -57.69 / 124.34 / 0.98 / 0.07
4 / -59.29 / 125.13 / 1.77 / 0.05
15 / -58.12 / 125.20 / 1.84 / 0.05
5 / -59.48 / 125.51 / 2.15 / 0.04
134 / -57.14 / 125.75 / 2.39 / 0.03
123 / -57.20 / 125.86 / 2.50 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Waste depot
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A13. The ten most supported models for Larus canus during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi(Null) / -72.81 / 149.89 / 0.00 / 0.16
1 / -71.95 / 150.47 / 0.58 / 0.12
4 / -72.40 / 151.37 / 1.48 / 0.08
14 / -71.42 / 151.79 / 1.91 / 0.06
5 / -72.68 / 151.91 / 2.02 / 0.06
2 / -72.73 / 152.03 / 2.14 / 0.05
3 / -72.80 / 152.16 / 2.27 / 0.05
15 / -71.89 / 152.72 / 2.84 / 0.04
12 / -71.94 / 152.84 / 2.95 / 0.04
13 / -71.95 / 152.85 / 2.96 / 0.04
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Waste depot
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A14. The ten most supported models for Larus ridibundus during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi34 / -82.28 / 173.52 / 0.00 / 0.19
3 / -83.73 / 174.02 / 0.50 / 0.15
4 / -84.15 / 174.85 / 1.33 / 0.10
345 / -82.18 / 175.82 / 2.30 / 0.06
234 / -82.21 / 175.88 / 2.36 / 0.06
134 / -82.27 / 176.00 / 2.48 / 0.06
35 / -83.62 / 176.20 / 2.68 / 0.05
13 / -83.66 / 176.27 / 2.75 / 0.05
23 / -83.72 / 176.40 / 2.88 / 0.05
24 / -83.94 / 176.84 / 3.32 / 0.04
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Waste depot
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A15. The ten most supported models for Larus ridibundus during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi1245 / -75.39 / 164.88 / 0.00 / 0.20
145 / -76.88 / 165.22 / 0.34 / 0.17
124 / -77.32 / 166.10 / 1.22 / 0.11
14 / -78.86 / 166.67 / 1.79 / 0.08
1234 / -76.68 / 167.47 / 2.58 / 0.05
12345 / -75.35 / 167.57 / 2.69 / 0.05
245 / -78.05 / 167.57 / 2.69 / 0.05
1345 / -76.88 / 167.86 / 2.98 / 0.04
134 / -78.48 / 168.43 / 3.55 / 0.03
1 / -81.18 / 168.91 / 4.03 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Waste depot
2 – Wetland distance
3 – Reed cover
4 – Urbanization score
5 – Water level
Table A16. The ten most supported models for Cyngus olor during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi(Null) / -72.58 / 149.44 / 0.00 / 0.19
2 / -71.57 / 149.69 / 0.26 / 0.17
4 / -71.80 / 150.17 / 0.73 / 0.13
23 / -71.18 / 151.30 / 1.87 / 0.07
1 / -72.52 / 151.60 / 2.16 / 0.06
3 / -72.56 / 151.67 / 2.23 / 0.06
24 / -71.41 / 151.77 / 2.33 / 0.06
12 / -71.46 / 151.87 / 2.43 / 0.06
14 / -71.66 / 152.27 / 2.83 / 0.05
34 / -71.78 / 152.51 / 3.08 / 0.04
234 / -71.02 / 153.50 / 4.07 / 0.02
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water level
Table A17. The ten most supported models for Cyngus olor during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi24 / -63.17 / 135.28 / 0.00 / 0.19
124 / -61.95 / 135.36 / 0.07 / 0.18
12 / -63.59 / 136.14 / 0.85 / 0.12
2 / -65.10 / 136.76 / 1.47 / 0.09
1234 / -61.44 / 136.98 / 1.70 / 0.08
13 / -64.03 / 137.01 / 1.73 / 0.08
123 / -62.99 / 137.45 / 2.16 / 0.06
234 / -63.06 / 137.58 / 2.30 / 0.06
134 / -63.64 / 138.73 / 3.45 / 0.03
23 / -64.98 / 138.90 / 3.62 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water level
Table A18. The ten most supported models for Anas platyrchynchos during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi12 / -87.61 / 184.16 / 0.00 / 0.19
13 / -87.62 / 184.20 / 0.04 / 0.19
123 / -86.37 / 184.21 / 0.04 / 0.19
2 / -89.42 / 185.39 / 1.23 / 0.10
124 / -87.44 / 186.35 / 2.19 / 0.06
1234 / -86.24 / 186.58 / 2.42 / 0.06
134 / -87.58 / 186.62 / 2.46 / 0.06
23 / -89.04 / 187.03 / 2.86 / 0.05
24 / -89.12 / 187.20 / 3.04 / 0.04
3 / -90.67 / 187.90 / 3.74 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water level
Table A19. The ten most supported models for Anas platyrchychos during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi24 / -84.31 / 177.57 / 0.00 / 0.19
2 / -85.67 / 177.90 / 0.34 / 0.16
12 / -84.84 / 178.63 / 1.06 / 0.11
124 / -83.67 / 178.81 / 1.24 / 0.10
234 / -83.82 / 179.11 / 1.55 / 0.09
23 / -85.26 / 179.48 / 1.91 / 0.07
(Null) / -87.65 / 179.57 / 2.00 / 0.07
1 / -87.06 / 180.67 / 3.11 / 0.04
123 / -84.68 / 180.83 / 3.26 / 0.04
1234 / -83.44 / 180.99 / 3.42 / 0.03
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water level
Table A20. The ten most supported models for Phalacrocorax carbo during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi24 / -75.06 / 159.07 / 0.00 / 0.16
(Null) / -77.59 / 159.45 / 0.39 / 0.14
1 / -76.83 / 160.21 / 1.14 / 0.09
124 / -74.39 / 160.25 / 1.18 / 0.09
4 / -77.01 / 160.58 / 1.52 / 0.08
2 / -77.08 / 160.72 / 1.65 / 0.07
12 / -76.19 / 161.34 / 2.27 / 0.05
3 / -77.43 / 161.42 / 2.36 / 0.05
234 / -75.05 / 161.56 / 2.50 / 0.05
13 / -76.37 / 161.69 / 2.62 / 0.04
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water level
Table A21. The ten most supported models for Phalacrocorax carbo during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi1 / -73.17 / 152.91 / 0.00 / 0.32
12 / -72.66 / 154.27 / 1.36 / 0.16
123 / -71.77 / 155.01 / 2.10 / 0.11
14 / -73.06 / 155.07 / 2.16 / 0.11
13 / -73.11 / 155.17 / 2.27 / 0.10
124 / -71.97 / 155.41 / 2.50 / 0.09
1234 / -70.93 / 155.97 / 3.06 / 0.07
134 / -73.03 / 157.52 / 4.62 / 0.03
234 / -76.84 / 165.13 / 12.23 / 0.00
23 / -78.12 / 165.19 / 12.28 / 0.00
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water level
Table A22. The ten most supported models for Podiceps cristatus during low water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi(Null) / -60.47 / 125.21 / 0.00 / 0.27
4 / -59.99 / 126.55 / 1.34 / 0.14
2 / -60.19 / 126.94 / 1.73 / 0.11
1 / -60.40 / 127.36 / 2.15 / 0.09
3 / -60.47 / 127.49 / 2.28 / 0.09
14 / -59.86 / 128.67 / 3.46 / 0.05
34 / -59.90 / 128.75 / 3.54 / 0.05
23 / -59.94 / 128.83 / 3.62 / 0.04
24 / -59.96 / 128.88 / 3.67 / 0.04
12 / -60.10 / 129.15 / 3.94 / 0.04
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water level
Table A23. The ten most supported models for Podiceps cristatus during normal water level. LogLik: log-likelihood values, AICc: AIC values corrected for small sample size, ∆i: AICi –AICmin, difference in AICc between the actual model and the most supported model, wi: AIC model weight.
Candidate models / logLik / AICc / ∆i / wi1 / -63.81 / 134.18 / 0.00 / 0.31
13 / -63.34 / 135.64 / 1.46 / 0.15
12 / -63.52 / 135.99 / 1.82 / 0.13
14 / -63.79 / 136.54 / 2.37 / 0.09
(Null) / -66.45 / 137.18 / 3.01 / 0.07
134 / -63.24 / 137.94 / 3.77 / 0.05
124 / -63.31 / 138.09 / 3.91 / 0.04
123 / -63.33 / 138.12 / 3.94 / 0.04
2 / -66.30 / 139.16 / 4.99 / 0.03
4 / -66.34 / 139.23 / 5.06 / 0.02
Codes for variables in the candidate models:
1 – Wetland distance
2 – Reed cover
3 – Urbanization score
4 – Water leve
1