preAP/GT S12

Ch. 19 Bacteria and Viruses Review

  1. Why is it important to sterilize the Petri dishes and agar before growing bacteria?
  2. Which of the following is the smallest in size? Circle one: bacterium animal cell virus
  3. What is the difference between passive and active immunity?
  4. Draw and name the 3 shapes of bacteria.
  5. How can HIV be spread? How can you avoid HIV?
  6. What does an antibiotic do?
  7. Where can bacteria be found?
  8. List examples of uses for helpful bacteria.
  9. What does a vaccine do?
  10. Which kingdom(s) contain prokaryotes?
  11. What are the bacterial kingdoms?
  12. What are the two ways in which bacteria cause disease?
  13. List the major groups of pathogens to humans.
  14. What is a virus?
  15. What is a viroid? What is a prion?
  16. List and describe the various methods of reproduction in bacteria.
  17. Why are viruses not considered to be truly “living” organisms?
  18. Overuse of antibiotics has caused bacteria to become resistant to our best arsenal of antibiotics. This is due to ______of the bacteria in which only those with the resistant genes survive.

Matching.

  1. dormant cycle of viral infectiona. prokaryote
  2. organism without a nucleusb. antibiotics
  3. organism with a nucleusc. HIV
  4. destructive cycle of viral infectiond. Lysogenic
  5. kills bacteriae. capsid
  6. causes infectious diseases f. Lytic
  7. instrument used to see bacteriag. eukaryote
  8. instrument used to see virusesh. electron microscope
  9. protein coat of a virusi. compound/light microscope
  10. virus that causes AIDSj. pathogen
  11. virus that attacks bacteriak. bacteriophage
  12. visible group of bacterial. agar
  13. growth medium for bacteriam. virus
  14. all are obligate parasitesn. colony

Matching. Which type of pathogen causes the following diseases?

  1. smallpoxa. virus
  2. tooth decayb. bacteria
  3. HIV/AIDSc. prion
  4. tuberculosis
  5. Lyme disease
  6. herpes
  7. flu
  8. diphtheria
  9. Mad Cow Disease
  10. strep throat

*Study chapter 19 review on pages 493-494.

  1. What is the germ theory of disease?
  2. List the five agents of disease.
  3. How are diseases spread?
  4. How are bacterial infections treated? Prevented?
  5. How are viral infections treated? Prevented?
  6. Differentiate between specific and non-specific defense.
  7. Differentiate between first line, second line and third line of defense.
  8. What is interferon?
  9. Differentiate between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
  10. What is active immunity and how is it different from passive immunity?
  11. An overreaction of the immune system to an antigen is referred to as ______.
  12. What is the function of histamines
  13. What is an autoimmune disease? List a few examples.
  14. How does the environment affect your immune system?
  15. List four behaviors important in maintaining health.

*Study chapter 40 review on pages 1057-1058

_____ 58.The first time your body encounters a foreign organism, your immune system fights

the organism by using __?_; also called the body’s first line of defense.

A. specific immunityB. non-specific immunityC. antihistaminesD. T-cells

_____ 59. White blood cells that recognize and destroy specific foreign organisms are called

A. B- cellsB. histaminesC. macrophagesD. lysomes

_____ 60. Which is NOT part of your body’s first line of defense against disease?

A. macrophagesB. T-cellsC. stomach acidD. mucous membranes

_____ 61. Which is NOT true about specific immunity?

  1. The body had already been exposed to the antigen.
  2. Macrophages ingest the antigen.
  3. T-cells attach to the antigen.
  4. Suppressor B-cells stop the attack on the antigen.

_____ 62. Which is NOT true about T-cells?

  1. They mature in the thymus.
  2. They form in the bone marrow.
  3. They are deficient in people with HIV.
  4. They ingest disease-causing organisms, using pseudopods.

True or False: On the lines provided write T for true statements and F for any false statements.

_____ 63. Phagocytosis occurs when mast cells eat antigens.

_____ 64. Some lymphocytes destroy antigens the first time the two meet.

_____ 65. Most antigens break the immune system’s first line of defense and are destroyed by

lymphocytes.

_____ 66. Vaccines introduce antigens into the body; as a result, the immune system learns to

recognize and destroy the antigen the next time it enters the body.

Matching: Write the letter of the term that matches the description on the lines provided.

A. allergen B. histamine C. phagocyteD. specific immunity E. vaccination

_____ 67. Cell that ingest antigens.

_____ 68. Cell Mediated response to specific antigens that occurs after first exposure to the

disease organism.

_____ 69. A chemical released by mast cells that causes swelling, increased mucus and allergy

symptoms.

_____ 70. The introduction of dead or weakened antigens into the body that results in lasting

immunity.

Label the parts of the bacteriophage below.

71.

72.

73.

74.

Label the bacterium below.

75.

76.

77.

78.