Civics & Economics
Goal 1 – Chapter 2 KEY
1. Explain the Enlightenment period? What was this time period referred to as? “Age of Reason” this was a a time period where enlightenment philosophers tried to explain why people and society were they way they were.
2. Identify the principles set forth in the Magna Carta in 1215? The magna carta limited the power of King John and established the principle of “limited government”
3. Identify the idea of natural rights? Which enlightenment philosopher proposed the idea of natural rights? John Locke, everyone is born with natural rights that cannot be taken away: life, liberty, and property (property changes to the pursuit of happiness in the Declaration of Independence (1776))
4. Explain the significance of Locke’s “Social Contract Theory”? This is a contract between the people and the government. The people relinquish some of their power in return for protection and social order.
5. What was Montesquieu’s propose behind having (3) separate branches of government? Montequieu advocated for three branches of government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. In addition, he said each branch needed be be separate of the other two and no one branch should have more power than another.
6. What is a joint-stock company? Ways for investors to buy shares and invest in a colony- much like the stock market today.
7. Identify the importance of House of Burgesses during colonial times? 1st colonial legislature of the New World – 1st form of Representative Government (VA)
8. What document established the tradition of town meetings and direct democracy and self-government? Mayflower Compact
9. Explain the difference between a proprietary colony (controlled by people who owned the land they too controlled the government) and a royal colony (controlled by a king or queen)?
10. Which colony was founded on Quaker ideals? Who founded it? Pennsylvania- William Penn- ideals: hard work, honesty, and living a modest life.
11. Which colony was the last to form, established for debtors and the poor, and acted as a buffer colony from the Spanish? Georgia- James Ogelthorpe
12. Which was the first colony to welcome people of all faiths? Who founded the colony? Rhode Island- Roger Williams (Religious Dissenter- went against the norm)
13. What was the first successful colony of the new world? Jamestown, VA
14. Explain the significance of Bacon’s Rebellion? Nathanial Bacon rebelled against Gov. Berkeley and the Virginia government because the governor tried to say the citizens could not take over the Natives lands.
15. Draw and label the triangular trade route. Why was this route important during colonial times? 3-point profitable trade route established between the colonies, Europe, and Africa. Africa to Colonies route was known as the “Middle Passage” where slavery began.
16. Describe the economy of the New England, Middle, and Southern regions? NE- long and cold winters, very limited farming, and big in fishing and shipbuilding. M- “BREADBASKET REGION” crops: wheat, barley, and rye – big in trade and commerce. S- FARMING- tobacco, corn, rice, indigo, etc – dependent on slaves.
17. What was the Great Awakening? Religious revival- teach and preach your message whenever, wherever.
18. Define the period of salutary neglect? Was this positive or negative, explain? Time where Great Britain allowed the colonies to self-govern and had a period of loose control over the colonies, as long as, GB was doing well economically (financially)
19. What is mercantilism? Exports (make in the US and ship out) should exceed imports (buy from another country and send money)
20. How can a region or colony achieve a favorable balance of trade? Export more then you Import
21. In your own words, identify the “Albany Plan of Union”? Who proposed this idea and why was it significant? Do you agree or disagree with the idea and intent? Ben Franklin- Snake picture, “Join or Die” come together and unite or die off to GB.
22. What was the purpose of the navigation acts? What later act was used to better enforce the Navigation Acts? All shipments had to enter through british ports to control trade and taxes – Writs of Assistance – general search warrants
23. Identify the first direct tax levied on the colonists? Why was this tax placed on the colonies? Stamp Act (1765) pay a tax on ALL printed legal documents – to repay GB’s war debt from the French and Indian War.
24. How did colonists respond to the Stamp Act and Quartering Acts? Provide examples! Boycott, rebel, riots, Stamp Act Congress, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Declaration of Independence, American Revolution.
25. Which famous colonists is known for the famous quote “NO taxation without equal representation!” What did he mean by this statement? James Otis- we are NOT getting anything in return from GB for the taxes we are paying – this is absurd.
26. What are writs of assistance? Why were they especially important during colonial times? General serach warrant – gave GB government/Parliament, etc more control over the colonists.
27. What did the Proclamation of 1763 state? Who did this enrage? Why? Colonial settlers could NOT settle west of the Appalachian Mountains – it was off limits, but they had to pay taxes for it. Enraged the farmers who wanted to expand and farm the new lands.
28. Who wrote the famous pamphlet Common Sense? What did it call for? Thomas Paine – independence from Great Britain.
29. Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence? Which Enlightenment thinker heavily influenced the writings found in the Declaration? Thomas Jefferson, Author – John Locke, thinker.
30. Describe and label the main arguments in the Declaration? A fancy break up letter between the colonies and Great Britain. We demand our rights and are tired of your unfair taxes – we demand natural rights and the social contract theory – equal rights for all!
31. What did the Committees of Correspondence do? Warn the colonists of Britain’s movements, plans, etc. Ex: Midnight ride of Paul Revere- “The British are coming”
32. What document granted the US its independence in 1776, at least in theory? Declaration of Independence
33. Which war was fought over land west of the colonies in 1754, leading to a wide spread debt for Great Britain? French and Indian War
34. What was the direct result of the French and Indian War? Great Britain won the war, won the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains from France – the Native Americans were kicked off further west and GB assumed a massive WAR DEBT and overtaxed the colonists.
35. What was the significance of the American Revolution? We were the underdogs in the fight, the Patriots fought for freedom and independence that we have today. Patrick Henry- “Give me liberty or give me death”
36. Who was appointed leader of the Continental Army? What were the troops called who wanted independence? Who remained loyal? Leader- George Washington – Patriots – Loyalists
37. Which battle(s) marked the beginning of the revolutionary war? Battle of Lexington
38. What battle was considered the turning point of the war? What happened as a result of this victory? Battle of Saratoga – morale boosts for the colonists and gained more support and the French.
39. What was the final battle? Who won? How did this change history? France joined and became a US ally and we surrounded GB and they were forced to surrender. We won the war and were now INDEPENDENT!
40. What document official ended the war and granted the United States’ independence? Treaty of Paris, 1783 “GOOD BYE GREAT BRITAIN”