Quick study guide25

Citing sources – sequential numbering (Vancouver)

(Used for:Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Humanities, Pharmacy)

Withthissystem,eachsourceisgivenanumberintheorderinwhichit is first cited in the text.Wheneverthesourceisreferredtoagain,thesamereferencenumberisused. A list of referencesprovidesdetailsofallthecitedtexts,listed in numerical order, on a separate page at the end of the paper titled ‘References’.

Note:Thereissomevariationintheformattingofcitations even within a particular referencing style. Always check your own faculty/department’s guidelines and be consistent in whatever format you use.

In-textcitations

  • Numbering should be consecutive (1, 2,3, 4) throughout the chapter or paper.
  • Citationsshouldbeplacedinsquarebracketsattheendofthesentenceafter the full stop (some departments may prefer before the full stop). Either square [ ] or curvedbrackets()canbeusedaslongasitisconsistent,orsuperscriptscanbeused instead of brackets. Check with your Department or School for which in-text method they prefer.

For example:

Thehistoryofeducationalinnovationsisfarfrom encouraging.[3]

Thehistoryofeducationalinnovationsisfarfromencouraging.3

  • Withinasentence,citationsshouldbeplacedbeforecommas,semi-colonsorcolons.

For example:

Thehistoryofeducationalinnovationsisfarfromencouraging[3];nevertheless,some advanceshavebeen

made.

  • Iftheauthor’ssurnameisincluded in the text it should be followed immediately by the reference number in brackets. For example:

Henman[1]statesthat...

  • Ifthecitationcontainsmorethanoneworkthereferencenumbersshouldappearwithin one set of brackets, separated by commas:

… oursocialhistory[2,5]

  • Ifthe citation is a direct quote, the page number or range of numbers must be given, (note no punctuation):

Swales[2p42]pointsoutthat‘thepropensityforearlycategorizationcanleadtofailure’.

Wilson[5pp30-33]statesthat‘universityemployeesshouldbevaluedfortheircontributiontosociety’.

For more information

Demystifying citing and referencing:

Citing and Referencing Library guide:

List of references

Notice details such as numbering, punctuation, abbreviations (particularly with journal titles) and use of capitals in the following basic examples. For other types of reference materials refer to the Vancouver Library Guide (guides.lib.monash.edu/citing-referencing - select the source type from Vancouver drop-down tab)

  • Basic format for a book (1 to 6 authors)

Author AA. Title of book. Number of edition [if not first]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Pagination

Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2009. 541 p.

  • Basic format for a journal article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF. Title of article. Abbreviated title of journal. Date of publication YYYY Mon DD;volume number(issue number):page numbers.

Petitti DB, Crooks VC, Buckwalter JG, Chiu V. Blood pressure levels before dementia. Arch Neurol. 2005 Jan;62(1):112-6.

More than 6 authors:

Hallal AH, Amortegui JD, Jeroukhimov IM, Casillas J, Schulman CI, Manning RJ, et al.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography accurately detects common bile duct stones in resolving gallstone pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2005 Jun;200(6):869-75.

  • Basic format for an electronic journal article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF. Title of article. Abbreviated title of Journal [Internet]. Year of publication [cited YYYY Mon DD];volume number(issue number):page numbers. Available from: URL DOI

Kanneganti P, Harris JD, Brophy RH, Carey JL, Lattermann C, Flanigan DC. The effect of smoking on ligament and cartilage surgery in the knee: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2012 Dec [cited 2013 Feb 19];40(12):2872-8. Available from: 10.1177/0363546512458223

  • Online resource (if author’s name is not available)

Author/organization's name. Title of the page [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Date or year of publication [updated YYYY Mon DD; cited YYYY Mon DD]. Available from: URL

Diabetes Australia. Diabetes globally [Internet]. Canberra ACT: Diabetes Australia; 2012 [updated 2012 June 15; cited 2012 Nov 5]. Available from:

Example reference list

1.HenmanP.Mythsofwelfarereform.AustJSocIssues.2002;37(1):71-4

2.PalmerGR, Short SD. Healthcareand publicpolicy:an Australiananalysis.3rd ed. SouthYarra,Vic: Macmillan;2000.

3.AnsariA.Langevinmodesofanalysisofmyoglobin.JChemPhys[onlinejournal].1999[cited2003July2];110(3).Availablefrom:

4.InternationalNarcoticsControlBoard[online].2002[cited2July2002].Availablefrom:http:

5.Austroads.Ruralroaddesign.Guidetothegeometricdesignofruralroads.Sydney,NSW:Austroads;1999.

6.GoldschmidtS,JunghagenS,HarrisU.Strategicaffiliatemarketing.Cheltenham:EdwardElgarPublishing;2003.

7.BurkaLP.Ahypertexthistoryofmulti-userdungeons.[Online]2003 [updated2003November22; cited2004January22].Availablefrom: