Chemistry I final study guide

Need to know the following:

  1. Determining dependent vs independent variable based on experimental data/scenarios
  1. Determining controlled variables based on experimental data/scenarios
  1. Draw a graph that displays dependent vs independent variable
  1. Generate a hypothesis that can be investigated experimentally
  1. Using experimental info/scenarios determine whether data shows a positive correlation or negative correlation
  1. Identify the following pieces within a scientific societal issue:
  2. argument
  3. reasoning
  4. evidence
  1. Determine whether or not specific questions can be answered through scientific investigations.
  1. Define the following branches of chemistry:
  2. Organic Chemistry
  3. Biochemistry
  4. Physical Chemistry
  5. Nuclear chemistry
  1. What is the difference between a chemical change and physical change? Provide several real life examples of each.
  1. Draw diagrams/molecular models that represent and differentiate between physical change and chemical change.
  1. List several examples that would serve as evidence that a chemical change took place.
  1. Use the terms endothermic and exothermic correctly to describe chemical reactions in the laboratory and be able to identify whether a specific reaction is endothermic/exothermic from a scenario.
  1. Explain why chemical reactions will either release or absorb energy.

  1. Describe what is happening between the following points and show what is taking place using molecular models for each:
  • A-B
  • B-C
  • C-D
  • D-E
  • E-F
  1. Explain why solids at room temperature have stronger intermolecular forces than liquids at room temperature, which in turn have stronger intermolecular forces than gases.
  1. Explain why solids have a more ordered, regular arrangement of their particles than liquids. Show using molecular models/diagrams
  1. Explain why liquids are more ordered than gases at the molecular level
  1. Describe conduction in terms of molecules bumping into each other to transfer energy.
  1. Explain why there is better conduction in solids and liquids than gases.
  1. Describe how heat is conducted in a solid and provide a real life example.
  1. Describe melting on a molecular level and draw a diagram to explain what is happening to the intermolecular forces.
  1. A company plans to make an electronic device. They need to use an element that has chemical and physical behavior similar to that of Silicon but must have an atomic mass that is less than that of Lead. Use the periodic table to determine which element you would recommend and explain why you chose that element over other elements
  1. Xenon, a nonreactive gas used in strobe lights, is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Without looking at the periodic table, explain how you would use the information provided to determine whether Xenon is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? Where would you expect to find it on the periodic table? In which group? Now check the periodic table to see if you were correct
  1. Explain why chlorine, bromine, and iodine have similar chemical properties although they are all at different phases at room temperature
  1. Determine the element with similar chemical properties to that of lead but can be used in making computer chips because it happens to be a metalloid with a low atomic mass.
  1. Use the periodic table of elements to determine whether the following pair of elements will form ionic or covalent compounds. Then name them correctly.
  1. Nitrogen and oxygen
  2. Calcium and fluorine
  3. Carbon and fluorine
  4. Lithium and sulfur
  1. Name the following compound
  • NaBr
  • SF6
  • P4S5
  • Ca3N2
  • MgCl2
  1. Write the formulas for the following compounds:
  2. Aluminum chloride
  3. Magnesium bromide
  4. Nitrogen tribromide
  5. Iodine pentafluoride
  1. Apply the conservation of mass to balance the following chemical equations:
  1. ____ N2 + ____ H2 -----> ____ NH3

b. ____ MgF2 + ____ Li2CO3 ------> ____ MgCO3 + ____ LiF

c. ____ Al + ____ HCl ------> ____ H2 + ____ AlCl3

d. ____ P4 + ____ O2 ------> ____ P2O3

  1. Create a model/diagram that represents a and d above and include a key with each of your models
  1. Predict the products for the following single replacement reactions. If no reaction takes place, explain why.
  2. Sodium + magnesium chloride →
  3. Calcium + sodium chloride →
  4. Barium + lithium fluoride→
  5. Rubidium + aluminum oxide →
  1. Describe the atomic model with regards to empty space and the nucleus
  1. Identify the location, mass, and charge of each of the three subatomic particles within an atom.
  1. Provide the number of protons and electrons for the following:
  1. Sodium atom
  2. Sodium ion with a charge of +1
  3. Calcium ion with a charge of +2
  4. oxygen atom
  5. nitrogen ion with a charge of -3
  6. chlorine atom
  7. chlorine ion with a charge of -1