1

Characteristics of Metals, Metalloids and Nonmetals

  1. Metals – Left of the stair steps
  2. Properties
  3. Good conductors
  4. Heat
  5. Electricity
  6. Malleable – can be rolled into sheets
  7. Ductile – pulled into wires
  8. Usually shiny
  9. Generally have 3 or fewer electrons in their outer energy level
  10. Metals will hold together by sharing electrons evenly throughout (Metalic bonding)
  11. Lose electrons quite easily
  12. to form positive Ions
  13. Alkali Metals
  14. Group 1
  15. Characteristics
  16. Soft
  17. Most reactive of all metals

1)Reacts violently with Water

  1. Never found free in nature
  2. In pure from they must be kept under oil or they would react with oxygen in the air
  3. Quickly give up outer electron to form an ion
  1. Lithium – 3 protons
  2. Used in aldaline batteries, ceramics, glassmaking and a fungicide
  1. Sodium – 11 protons, abundant in earth’s crust
  2. Uses

1)Drain cleanerSodium hydroxide NaOH

2)Table salt NaCl

a)Nerve impulses

b)Fluid balance

  1. Potassium – 19 protons, abundant in the earth’s crust
  2. Uses

1)Fertilizers – K is necessary for plant growth

2)KNO3 – used in matches, gun powder, fireworks and other explosives

3)Potassium and sodium both help control the movement of liquids through the body and nerve impulses

  1. Cesium & Rubidium – Light sensitive
  2. Used as photo electric cells
  3. Francium – Radio active and very unstable.
  4. Flame Tests can be used to identify many of these elements.
  1. Alkaline Earth Metals
  2. Group 2
  3. Characteristics
  4. Very reactive
  5. Not found free in nature
  6. Gives up out electrons easily
  7. 2 electrons in the outer energy level
  8. Elements
  9. Beryllium – found in mineral beryl
  10. Magnesium

1)Burns brightly

2)Used in flash bulbs

3)In chlorophyll

4)Epson Salt MgSO4

5)Stomach antacids Mg(OH)2

  1. Strontium – red in fireworks
  2. Barium – stored under oil

1)Used to absorb Xray in digestive Xrays

  1. Radium – found in uranium ores

1)Radio active

2)Silvery white

3)Used in cancer treatment

4)Used in paint in the past to make glow in the dark paint

  1. Transition Elements
  2. Elements 3-12
  3. Usually 1-3 electrons in their outer energy level
  4. High melting points and are hard
  5. Elements usually have distinct color
  6. Good conductors of heat and electricity
  7. Lanthanides and Actinides
  8. Originally thought to be rare in nature
  9. Monazite – a mineral that contains all the lanthanides but one
  10. Make up 25% of metals in earth’s crust
  11. Actinides and Lanthanides closely resemble each other in electron arrangements
  12. Uses
  13. Used to give television bright color
  14. Optic fibers
  15. Polish and abrasives
  16. Metalloids – substance that exhibit some but not all of the properties of metals
  17. uses
  18. Semiconductors
  19. Photoconductors
  20. Glass SiO2
  21. Transistors
  22. Boron Family
  23. Boron is a metalloid but all others of this family are metals
  24. Boron is used in glassware and bleaches
  25. Aluminum – light strong metal with many uses
  26. Most abundant metal on earth
  27. Refined from the ore boxite
  1. Alloys – Mixture of metals to produce desired properties
  2. Steel – iron mixed with carbon
  3. Stainless steel – chromium and steal
  4. Solder is lead and tin
  5. Nonmetals
  6. Nitrogen family – group 15
  7. Nitrogen family contains metals, metalloids and nonmetals
  8. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere
  9. As a gas it is diatomic N2
  10. Important part of fertilizers
  11. Used in explosives
  12. Phosphorus
  13. Two major forms of allotropes

1)White and Red

2)White reacts violently with O2

3)Used in fertilizers

4)Detergents

  1. Arsenic
  2. Used in poison
  3. Used to make transistors
  4. Bismuth
  5. Used mostly as an alloy
  6. Used in fire sprinkler systems
  1. Oxygen Family – 6 electrons in the outer energy level
  2. oxygen is the most abundant element on earth
  3. Several allotropes of oxygen

1)O2 Like we breath

2)O3 Ozone that shield out ultra violet rays

  1. Sulfur
  2. Often found in coal as unwanted element
  3. Sulfuric acid used in industry
  4. Used in g u n powder
  5. Tellurium – exception to Mendeleev’s order by mass
  6. Used in alloys to improve corrosion resistance
  7. Polonium
  8. Found in uranium ore
  9. Very radio active
  1. Halogen Family - Group 17
  2. seven electrons in the outer energy level
  3. Halogen means salt producer
  4. Combines with metals to form salts
  5. form ionic bonds with metals
  6. Diatomic examples are F2, Cl2
  7. Fluorine
  8. Used in nonstick cookware
  9. Blood substitutes
  10. Tooth paste
  11. Chlorine
  12. Cleaning fluids
  13. Disinfectants
  14. Metal cleaners
  15. Gastric (stomach) Juices
  16. Bromine
  17. Dyes
  18. Insect control
  19. Flame retardant
  20. Iodine
  21. Crystal solid are room temperature
  22. Tincture of iodine used in medicine as and antiseptic
  23. Needed in the body for growth
  24. Astatine –
  25. Rare and radio active
  26. Found in uranium ores
  27. Noble Gases – once called inert gases
  28. All but helium have 8 electrons in their outer energy level
  29. Helium
  30. Used in balloons
  31. Used to decrease decompression sickness
  32. Neon
  33. Lights
  34. Argon
  35. Lights
  36. Welding
  37. Radon
  38. Used in cancer treatment
  39. Is a gas that comes out of the ground from the break down of uranium and will build up in houses