Chapters 1-10 Vocab

CHAPTERS 1-10 VOCAB

developed countries (p. 10)

developing countries (p. 11)

ecological footprint (p. 14)

ecology (p. 7)

economic development (p. 10)

environment(p. 6)

environmental degradation (p. 12)

environmental ethics (p. 20)

environmental science (p. 6)

environmental wisdom worldview (p. 20)

environmental worldview (p. 20)

environmentalism (p. 8)

environmentally sustainable economicdevelopment (p. 11)

environmentally sustainable society (p. 9)

exponential growth (p. 5)

gross domestic product (GDP)
(p. 10)

input pollution control (p. 17)

natural capital (p. 9)

nonpoint sources (p. 16)

nonrenewable resources (p. 13)

output pollution control (p. 17)

per capita ecological footprint
(p. 14)

per capita GDP (p. 10)

perpetual resource (p. 12)

planetary management worldview (p. 20)

point sources (p. 16)

pollution(p. 16)

pollution cleanup (p. 17)

pollution prevention (p. 17)

poverty (p. 18)

recycling(p. 13)

renewable resource (p. 12)

resource(p. 12)

reuse(p. 13)

social capital (p. 20)

solar capital (p. 9)

stewardship worldview (p. 20)

sustainability (durability)
(p.8)

sustainable yield (p. 12)

Environmental Issues, Their Causes, and Sustainability1

first law of thermodynamics
(p. 42)

flows (p. 44)

frontier science (p. 33)

genes (p. 38)

heat(p. 41)

high-quality energy (p. 42)

high-quality matter (p. 39)

inductive reasoning (p. 32)

inorganic compounds (p. 38)

inputs (p. 44)

isotopes (p. 36)

kinetic energy (p. 40)

law of conservation of energy
(p. 42)

law of conservation of matter
(p. 40)

low-quality energy (p. 42)

mass number (p. 36)

matter (p. 35)

matter quality (p. 39)

molecule (p. 37)

natural radioactive decay (p. 40)

negative feedback loop (p. 45)

neutrons (p. 36)

nuclear change (p. 40)

nuclear fission (p. 40)

nuclear fusion (p. 40)

nucleus (p. 36)

organic compounds (p. 38)

paradigm shift(p. 32)

pH (p. 37)

physical change (p. 39)

positive feedback loop (p. 45)

potential energy (p. 42)

protons (p. 36)

radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) (p. 40)

science (p. 29)

scientific (natural) law (p. 32)

scientific hypothesis (p. 30)

scientific theory (p. 31)

second law of

thermodynamics (p. 43)

synergistic interaction (p. 46)

synergy (p. 46)

system (p. 44)

throughputs (p. 44)

time delays (p. 46)

abiotic (p. 57)

aerobic respiration (p. 59)

anaerobic respiration (p. 59)

aquatic life zones (p. 56)

atmosphere (p. 54)

autotrophs (p. 58)

biological community (p. 53)

biomass (p. 62)

biomes (p. 55)

biosphere (p. 53)

biotic (p. 57)

carbon cycle (p. 67)

carnivores(p. 59)

chemosynthesis (p. 59)

community (p. 53)

consumers (p. 59)

decomposers(p. 59)

detritivores (p. 59)

distribution(p. 53)

ecological efficiency (p. 62)

ecology (p. 52)

ecosystem (p. 53)

fermentation (p. 59)

food chain (p. 61)

food web (p. 62)

genetic diversity (p. 53)

gross primary productivity (GPP) (p. 64)

habitat (p. 53)

herbivores(p. 59)

hydrologic (water) cycles (p. 65)

hydrosphere (p. 55)

limiting factor (p. 58)

limiting factor principle (p. 58)

natural greenhouse effect (p. 56)

net primary productivity (NPP)
(p. 64)

nitrogen cycle (p. 68)

nutrient (biogeochemical)

cycles(p. 65)

omnivores (p. 59)

photosynthesis (p. 58)

population (p. 52)

primary consumers (p. 59)

producers (p. 58)

pyramid of energy flow (p. 62)

range of tolerance (p. 57)

secondary consumers (p. 59)

species (p. 51)

stratosphere (p. 54)

sulfur cycle (p. 70)

third and higher level

consumers(p. 59)

trophic level (p. 58)

troposphere (p. 54)

adaptation (p. 82)

adaptive trait (p. 82)

background extinction (p. 87)

biological evolution (p. 80)

differential reproduction (p. 82)

ecological niche (p. 91)

endemic species (p. 87)

extinction (p. 87)

fossils (p. 81)

gene splicing (p. 88)

generalist species (p. 91)

geographic isolation (p. 86)

mass extinction (p. 88)

mutations (p. 82)

niche (p. 91)

reproductive isolation (p. 86)

specialist species (p. 92)

speciation(p. 86)

commensalism (p. 101)

ecological succession (p. 115)

inertia (p. 119)

interspecific competition (p. 101)

mutualism (p. 101)

nonnative species (p. 145)

parasitism (p. 101)

persistence (p. 119)

predation (p. 101)

primary succession (p. 115)

resilience (p. 119)

resource partitioning (p. 107)

secondary succession (p. 115)Key Terms

age structure (p. 130)

birth rate (p. 126)

crude birth rate (p. 126)

crude death rate (p. 126)

death rate (p. 126)

demographic transition (p. 133)

family planning (p. 134)

fertility rate(p. 126)

infant mortality rate (p. 128)

life expectancy (p. 129)

migration(p. 129)

population change (p. 126)

replacement-level fertility (p. 126)

total fertility rate (TFR) (p. 126)

biomes (p. 145)

climate (p. 141)

desert (p. 148)

forest (p. 153)

grasslands (p. 150)

greenhouse effect (p. 144)

greenhouse gases (p. 144)

permafrost (p. 150)

weather(p. 141)

benthos (p. 164)

coastal wetland (p. 166)

coastal zone (p. 165)

cultural eutrophication (p. 175)

decomposers (p. 164)

drainage basin (p. 176)

inland wetlands (p. 178)

intertidal zone (p. 168)

lakes (p. 174)

mesotrophic lake (p. 176)

nekton (p. 164)

open sea (p. 170)

plankton(p. 164)

runoff (p. 176)

surface water (p. 176)

watershed (p. 176)

endangered species (p. 186)

HIPPCO (p. 193)

threatened (vulnerable) species (p. 186)

ecological restoration (p. 242)

old-growth forests (p. 215)

overgrazing(p. 231)

pastures(p. 231)

rangelands(p. 231)

second-growth forests (p. 216)

tree plantation (farm) (p. 216)

undergrazing(p. 232)

Instructor's Manual: Chapter 41

Instructor's Manual: Chapter 41