Chapter and Topic of this Review Guide:Chapter 7- Learning

Vocab Term / Definition of Term / Example
Learning / The adduction of knowledge to change ones behavior or reflexes / Learning snakes are bad so you are afraid of snakes from now on
Associative Learning / Learning certain events go together / Little Albert: White animal and Loud Gong
Behaviorism / Study of behavior without referring to mental process / Watson did not refer to mental process
Classical Conditioning / Action taken due to natural reflex / Babies spread out extremities when falling
Unconditioned Response / Mental response to unconditioned stimulus / People afraid of being sick
Unconditioned Stimuli / Natural trigger to response / Sickness
Conditioned Response / Learned response to previously neutral stimuli / Sick when you eat burritos
Conditioned Stimuli / Irrelevant trigger / Sick one time when you ate a burrito so now you feel sick when you see burritos
Acquisition / Initial stage of linking stimuli / When Little Albert first found correlation between gong and rabbit
Extinction / Diminishing of conditioned response / Pavlov’s dog does not salivate after enough times of the bell without food
Spontaneous recovery / Reappearance of response after a pause
Generalization / An idea someone has about a certain type of something / Little Albert fears all white fuzzy things instead of just rabbit
Discrimination / Ability to distinguish between conditioned and irrelevant response
Shaping / Guiding behavior to achieve a certain behavior associated with stimuli / Give a bird food when it turns left and the bird will eventually turn left in circles to receive food
Primary reinforcers / Reinforcement for biological needs / Food, Water
Secondary reinforcers / Reinforcement for non biological needs / Toys, approval
Punishment / Giving something to someone in turn for their action / Giving a slap in the face(Positive)
Taking away toy(Negative)
Latent Learning / Learning that occurs bout is not present until demonstrated / How to throw ball after seeing it many times but never attempting
Observational Learning / Learning by watching others perform tasks / Kids watch their parents react to certain foods or situations
Modeling / Observing and imitating / Monkey see monkey do
Learned Helplessness / One stops trying to stop pain with failure to stop it in the past / Dogs shocked in boxes, some with the ability to stop and others not
Overjustification Effect / Providing a reward for something we already like to do / We like playing basketball but get money, you like money more b-ball less
Cognitive Map / Mental representation of the layout of ones environment / Your cognitive map would consist of your house
Authors of Important Study / Basic of What Was Done / Lesson(s) learned from the study
Albert Bandura / Kids watched adults with aggression, then were put into a room with toys and chose to hit a large doll “Bobo Doll” / Observational Learning
Pavlov / Dog salivates when it hears a bell because the bell is associated with food to become a conditioned stimuli / Conditioning
Skinner / Rat in box hit a bar for food, and learn that food comes out of the bar after being rewarded for certain actions to help the rat learn to hit the bar / Shaping
Thorndike / He found that behavior is more likely to be continued with favorable consequences than less likely / Law of effect
John Watson / Gave a young boy a white fuzzy animal and when he did also hit a very loud gong, so the boy learned that when he saw a white fuzzy animal that something bad would happen / Associative learning
Name of Important Person / What this person is known for / Impact on Psychology
Albert Bandura / Bobo Doll / Observational Learning
Pavlov / Dog and Bell / Conditioning
Skinner / Skinner Box / Shaping
Thorndike / Law of effect / Law of effect
John Watson / Little Albert/ Father of Behaviorism / Associative Learning