Chapter 8.1 –A Religious Awakening
Guided Reading Questions
Essential Question : How did the Second Great Awakening lead to several reform efforts
and what effect did those reform efforts have on American Society?
Section Focus – How did the Second Great Awakening affect life in the United States?
1. When was the first Great Awakening and why did the Second Great Awakening happen when it did?
2. What were revivals, where and when were they held? Who were the key leaders of this social
movement? How was the evangelical style of worship different from the norm?
3. What was the Sabbatarian reform movement? How was the standard relationship between church
and state challenged by this reform group?
4. Who was the African American religious leader who started a church in Philadelphia? What Christian
denomination evolved from this church and others? What are spirituals? What mission did many free
African American church members assume was theirs?
5. How did Unitarians practice liberalism? How did their belief contrast the Christian view of the
Trinity. Father, Son, and Holy Ghost?
6. Joseph Smith found a new religious group in 1830. What was the name of this church and what were
(and still are) Smith’s followers called? What were three differences in the way these followers led their life than others of Protestant religions, causing much discrimination? When and why, how, and under whose leadership did they settle in present day Salt Lake City.
7. What were the reasons Catholic and Jewish populations were chastised by the Protestant majority?
8. What are utopian communities and why might they have been short-lived?
9. What are unique characteristics of the Shaker religious sect?
10. How did Transcendentalists advance new ideas? Who were leaders of this movement?
8.1 Vocabulary – Key Terms and People
Second Great Awakening _____ revivalists______profoundly_____
Charles Grandison Finney_____ evangelical style______fiery____
Lyman Beecher____ Sabbatarians______millennialism_____
Richard Allen____ AME Church____ spirituals_____
Joseph Smith_____ Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints _____ Mormons_____
Brigham Young____ Unitarian Church _____ George Ripley _____
Brook Farm____ utopian communities_____ Shakers______
Transcendentalists____ transcend_____ conscience____
Ralph Waldo Emerson____ The Dial _____ Nature_____
Henry David Thoreau____ Walden_____
Notes
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Chapter 8.2 –A Reforming Society
Guided Reading Questions
Section Focus – What were the main features of the public school, penitentiary, and temperance movement?
1. Why did the religious reform movements led to other reforms?
2. Why was the education reform movement one of the most popular? What was this movement called and what were its mission? In what ways were it expected to improve the United States?
3. What was Horace Mann’s legacy? What were the results of his work and why was his work in Massachusetts extended nationwide?
4. What was the role of women in this education initiative? What specific women were involved and in what way?
5. How did Dorothea Dix turn her religious ideals into action? Which specific population did her work impact and how effective was her work in helping this population?
6. What was the goal of those who worked for penitentiary reform? Which of the two models presented were followed by most American prisons? Why did Dorothea Dix favor the Pennsylvania System?
7. What were the reasons presented in the text that the country was in desperate need of reform?
8. What specific problem caused the temperance movement to organize? How did this organization address the problems presented and how and where did the law support their initiatives?
9. Who was Neal Dow and what role did he play in reform?
8.2 Vocabulary – Key Terms and People
The American Spelling Book by Noah Webster ____ agitate____ woefully____
intellectual____ Horace Mann ____ corporal punishment____
imperative____ almshouse____ Pennsylvania System___
Auburn model____ Jane Addams___ temperance ___
Neal Dow____ Maine Law____
Notes
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Chapter 8.3 – The Anti-Slavery Movement
Guided Reading Questions
Section Focus – How did reformers try to help enslaved people?
1. What were the demographics of the African and African American population in the 1830’s?
2. Why were enslaved persons often prohibited from learning to read?
3. How did the enslaved populations cope with the inhuman conditions under which they existed?
4. What was the Underground Railroad ?
5. Who was Denmark Vesey and what inspired him to come up with a plan for revolt? What was his plan and what was a result of its failure?
6. Nat Turner’s actions resulted in his death. His sacrifice led to what changes in the south?
7. What does manumit meat?
8. What was the goal of the American Colonization Society ( ACS) and where was this goal realized?
9. Why did more freed slaves remain in America rather than leave?
10. Who was David Walker and what did he do in the north to attack slavery? How did freed blacks cope with discrimination?
11. Who were the abolitionists and what movement did they lead? Why did the misgivings about slavery evolve into a social movement?
12. What tool did William Lloyd Garrison have at his disposal and how did he use this tool to call for change? What organization did he form and what “radical” change was proposed? What is moral suasion?
13. What different, but no less effective, methods of persuasion were used by Theodore Weld and Frederick Douglass, Angelina Grimke (Weld), and Sarah Grimke?
14. In what different ways did southerners support their proposition that slavery was a good thing?
As the abolition movement grew how and why did the southerner’s resolve grow and continue?
15. What was the Gag Rule and how was it instrumental in delaying the inevitable conflict over slavery?
8.3 Vocabulary – Key Terms and People
overseers____ maim____ prevail_____ entreaties_____
sabotage_____ Underground Railroad_____ freedman____
conspirators____ arsenals_____ stringent_____ manumit_____
American Colonization Society______Liberia____ exile____
Spirituals_____ David Walker____ abolition _____ moral suasion____
William Lloyd Garrison____ The Liberator____ emancipation_____
Theodore Weld____ Frederick Douglass____ Angelina and Sarah Grimke_____
Denmark Vesey_____ inevitable______entrepreneurs______Gag Rule______
Notes
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Chapter 8.4 – The Woman’s Movement
Section Focus – What steps did American women take to advance their rights in the mid-1800’s
1. In what ways the Second Great Awakening influence women?
2. What were the limitation both legal and social that most women in America faced in the first half of the
nineteenth century? What were some cultural differences that varied from this norm?
3. As a review, what were the different roles different women assumed in all the reform movements of this
period?
4. How did industrialization in the north lead to changes for women?
5. How did women’s style in clothing reflect their place in society?
6. What were the two “two historical trends” that collided in the 1830’s?
7. What tool did Margaret Fuller and the Grimke sisters use to speak for women’s rights during the
women’s movement?
10. Why and where were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott offended by the lack of respect for their opinions as women? What action did they take in response to their experience?
11. What transpired at the Seneca Falls Convention? What was the Declaration of Sentiments?
12. How did Amelia Bloomer and Susan B. Anthony work toward improving the rights of women?
13. What legal changes were made in order to give women broader legal status? What was the purpose of the Married Women’s Property Act? How did all of these things form a foundation for equality for women?
8.4 Vocabulary – Key Terms and People
Affording____ matrilineal_____ Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society____
Sojourner Truth_____ networks_____ virtually_____ comparable______
Women’s movement______Margaret Fuller_____ Seneca Falls Convention______
Amelia Bloomer______Susan B. Anthony_____ suffrage_____
Notes
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Reading Response Questions – 8.1