CHAPTER 8.1 – THE PROGRESSIVES
Origins of Progressivism
I. ______– reform movement started in the late 1800’s to deal with social and ______problems associated with industrialization and ______.
- wanted government to be honest and address problems the people had
- similar to ______Movement
- goals:
a. eliminate ______in government
b. eliminate abuses of big ______
c. some reformers motivated by religion wanted to ______.
d. Wanted better conditions for ______living in ______.
A. ______reveal the need for reform.
______- investigative reporters who wanted to expose the horrors and corruption in business and politics.
______- made up the nickname
1. Ida ______ – exposed the ruthless business practices of ______and John Rockefeller in McClure’s Magazine.
2. ______ – exposed the corruption of city governments in The Shame of the Cities.
3. Jacob ______- wrote ______the ______- focused on problems in ______
4. Upton ______ – exposed the horrible conditions in meat packing plants in ______. Pg. 220
5. ______- Sister Carrie -______
6. Frank ______- ______
- ______paved the way for many reforms in America.
B. Reforming Society – cities were growing and couldn’t provide services(police, fire, housing, and garbage collection)
1. Laws to regulate ______, ______, and schools.
2. Walter ______- ______should be basis of social reform
a. ______- create a better society through Bible’s teachings
b. ______- community center to provide social services to the ______
c. What did they provide? –
d. Jane ______- created the ______House
- In ______Illinois
3. 1893 Florence ______fights to end ______labor and limit ______for women in Illinois.
a. 1902 ______helps found the National Child ______-try to get state legislatures to ban ______(not all states enforced the child labor laws)
b. 1912 US ______created
A. Purpose -______
c. Keating-Owens Act - ______
d. ______reformed education
A. Believed that children should ______
4. ______Company Fire - ______1911
a. more than 140 women and men died because lack of safety laws.
· leads to Progressives fighting for more laws to provide ______in the workplace. – ______State passed the toughest fire-safety laws in the nation.
b. ______vs. New York 1905 – Court backs business by refusing to uphold a law limiting bakers to a 10 hour workday.
C. Reforming Government – Progressives wanted to eliminate political corruption.
-take power away from ______and ______
1. City Government Reform – needed to control it to reform it.
a. Commission form of gov’t – ______, Texas 1900, experts in their field not simply party loyalists.(more honest and efficient)
b. Council-Manager Model – ______, Ohio and Staunton, Virginia 1908,
- Council appoints a ______politician to run the city.
2. Election Reforms
a. direct ______– Voters choose who runs
b. ______Amendment(1913) – voters not state legislatures elect US Senators.
c. ______Ballot – eases political pressure
d. ______– citizens propose a law
e. ______– voters can put law on ballot to vote for it
f. ______– removal of a candidate
3. State Gov’t Reform
a. Robert ______(Wisc. Governor) – reforms known as Wisconsin Idea – examples: regulated rr’s, regulated ______, commissions to oversee transportation, civil service, improve ______, make ______safe, and reform taxation.
- “______of ______”
b. Hiram Johnson - ______