Name: ______Date: ______Hour: ______
Chapter 6 Test- Muscular System
MULTIPLE CHOICE
_____ 1) Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system:
A) producing movement
B) maintaining posture
C) stabilizing joints
D) generating heat
E) hematopoiesis (blood formation)
_____ 2) Muscle tissue that is involuntary:
A) cardiac muscle only
B) smooth muscle only
C) skeletal muscle only
D) cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
E) cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
_____ 3) Muscle tissue that is striated:
A) cardiac muscle only
B) smooth muscle only
C) skeletal muscle only
D) cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
E) cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
_____ 4) Which of the following connective tissues surrounds an individual muscle cell:
A) perimysium
B) endomysium
C) epimysium
D) fascicle
E) sacrcolemma
_____ 5) A group of muscle fibers is called:
A) perimysium
B) endomysium
C) epimysium
D) fascicle
E) sacrcolemma
_____ 6) Which of the following groups of terms is placed in order from largest to smallest:
A) myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle
B) muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament, fascicle
C) fascicle, muscle fiber, myofilament, myofibril
D) fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament
E) muscle fiber, myofibril, fascicle, myofilament
_____ 7) The structure that attaches muscle to bone is called a(n):
A) tendonB) synergistC) agonist
D) ligamentE) fixator
_____ 8) The repeating contractile unit of the myofibril is called a:
A) sarcomereB) sarcolemmaC) fascicle
D) sarcoplasmic reticulumE) striation
_____ 9) Which of the following is FALSE about the neuromuscular junction?
A) It is a place where the nerve and muscle meet.
B) A nerve impulse has to be sent before a muscle will move.
C) There is a gap between the axon of the nerve and the muscle.
D) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released across this gap.
E) A twitch is caused by a normal nerve impulse that is voluntary.
_____ 10) According to the “all or nothing” principle:
A) A muscle fiber will partially contract when a small contraction is needed and fully contract
when a stronger contraction is needed.
B) All the sarcomeres in a particular muscle fiber will contract fully, but not all muscle fibers contract.
C) All fascicles in a muscle will contract at the same time.
D) Either the entire muscle contraction, or none of it contracts.
_____ 11) After a nerve impulse reaches a muscle, which of the following ions are released to initiate a muscle
contraction (filament sliding)?
A) calciumB) phosphorus
C) copperD) zincE) iodine
_____ 12) During muscle contraction, myosinfilaments attach to and pull:
A) myosin filaments
B) actin filaments
C) A bands
D) thick filaments
E) the H zone
_____ 13) The sliding filament theory explains the process of:
A) muscle contraction
B) nerve potentials
C) mitosis
D) stretching
_____ 14) Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sliding filament theory.
A) It is just a theory and isn’t based on evidence or testing.
B) The actin and myosin filaments independently get shorter during contraction.
C) A change in phosphorus and magnesium ions starts the nerve impulse.
D) The light bands become more visible when a sarcomere contracts.
E) The Z discs are the ends or “anchors” of the sarcomere.
_____ 15) In striations, the dark bands are known as ____ bands and the light bands _____.
A) D; LB) A; IC) H; ZD) X; O
_____ 16) During muscle contraction:
A) the muscle insertion moves toward the origin
B) the muscle origin moves toward the insertion
C) the muscle origin and muscle insertion move independently
D) the muscle pushes two bones apart
E) the muscles lengthen isometrically
_____ 17) Which of the following statements is FALSE
A) A muscle fiber is the same thing as a muscle cell.
B) A muscle can only push; it can never pull.
C) A muscle needs at least one origin and at least one insertion.
D) An antagonist is a muscle that opposes the action of another.
E) A synergist is a muscle that assists the action of another.
_____ 18)While doing “jumping jacks,” your arms and legs move away from the midline of your body. This motion is called:
A) extension
B) flexion
C) abduction
D) adduction
E) circumduction
_____ 19) Giving the “OK” sign causes your thumb to perform:
A) circumduction
B) opposition
C) flexion
D) extension
E) adduction
_____ 20) When you are reading something and then suddenly look up at the teacher, thus increasing the angle of your neck and torso, the movement is called:
A) flexion
B) extension
C) abduction
D) adduction
E) rotation
_____ 21) When you are ready to type on a keyboard, you move your palms inward so they face posteriorly (not in the anatomical position). This movement is called:
A) flexion
B) extension
C) pronation
D) supination
E) eversion
_____ 22) Pushing against a stationary wall is classified as an ______contraction.
A) isometricB) isotonic
SHORT ANSWER (Use the last blank page if you need more room)
1) State which type of muscle the following slides show. State how you know. (What evidence is there?)
2) Draw a rough sketch of a muscle attaching to a bone. Label the muscle cells and the associated connective tissues. Which parts can you see with macroscopically? Which parts do you need a microscope to see?
3) Explain what happens microscopically when a muscle increases in size and tone.
4) Why is it unlikely that a primary cancer (uncontrolled cell growth) would occur in muscle tissue?
5) When you kick a ball, what motion are you performing at the hip, and what motion are you performing at the knee? Explain.
6) Mr.Searle drank a Pepsi, even though his wife told him it is not healthy. The proteins on the surface of some of his pancreatic cells detected an increase in blood sugar. This information was processed by the nerves of the pancreas (and to a smaller extent by the hypothalamus of the brain) which “told” the beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin. As a result, muscle and liver cells take up more glucose, thus decreasing the sugar in the blood.
A. Explain which structures in the above example are the receptor(s), control center and effector(s). (Make sure you indicate HOW you know….claim-evidence-reasoning)
B. What will happen after Mrs. Searle’s blood sugar gets closer to the middle of the normal range?
C. Is the above example negative or positive feedback? (claim-evidence-reasoning)
D. If Mr. Searle isn’t careful, his normal blood sugar regulation could become faulty. Create an example of a homeostatic imbalance (disease) that could be associated with this process. Indicate which part of the homeostatic control system (receptor-control center- effector) would be “broken” or dysfunctional in your example.
7) Give an example from the muscular system of “structure determines function.” Show how the way something is constructed makes it perfect for its “job.” (You can choose a macroscopic OR microscopic example.)
Use the diagrams on pages 10 and 11to answer the following questions:
1) The orbicularis oculi is shown at number ______.
2) The platysma is shown at number ______.
3) The trapezius is shown at number ______.
4) The masseter is shown at number ______.
5) The rectus abdominus is shown at number ______.
6) The internal obliques are shown at number ______.
7) The sternocleidomastoid is shown at number ______.
8) The biceps brachii is shown at number ______.
9) The deltoid is shown at number ______.
10) The brachioradialis is shown at number ______.
11) The iliocostalis is shown at number ______.
12) The triceps brachii is shown at number ______.
13) The quadriceps group is shown at number ______.
14) The hamstrings group is shown at number ______.
15) The gluteus maximus is shown at number ______.
16) The gastrocnemius is shown at number ______.
17) The tibialis anterior is shown at number ______.
18) The fibularis longus is shown at number ______.
19) The adductor group is shown at number ______.
20) The biceps femoris is shown at number ______.
21) For a muscle of your choice, explain how the specific origin and insertion causes its movement.