Chapter 5 : Conclusion KEY
A) Female vs. Male:
1. Other than size what is the main difference between the skeleton of a male and that of a female, and what is the function of this difference?
The pelvis is much wider in the female and the coccyx does not point anteriorly as much, this is a better design for child birth.
2. How do these three features of the pelvis compare between a male and female?
a) Pelvic Inlet: Wider in Female
b) Pelvic Outlet : Wider in Female
c) Pubic Angle: Wider in Female
3. For each kind of joint a description of the amount of movement has been given, name the kind of joint described and give a location where such a joint is found.
a) SLIGHT MOVEMENT:AMPHIARTHROTIC – Cartilaginous. Ex. Symphisis Pubis, Between Vertebral bodies.
b) NO MOVEMENT : SYNARTHROTIC – Fibrous. Ex. Cranial Sutures.
c) FREE MOVEMENT: DIARTHROTIC – Synovial.
Ex. Knee, Elbow, Fingers, Shoulder etc.
4. What is another name for the synarthrotic joints in the skull? SUTURES
5. What connects the two bones of an amphiarthrotic joint? CARTILAGE
6. Define and describe the function of each structure of a synovial joint below:
a) Joint Capsule : A sleeve of fibrous connective tissue that encapsulates the joint. It is lined with synovial membrane which secretes a lubricating synovial fluid.
b) Ligament: A strong cord-like band of dense connective tissue that straps/fastens a bone to bone.
c) Articular Cartilage: The smooth layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the bones to reduce friction and help absorb impact.
d) Synovial Membrane: Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate and nourish the joint tissues.
List the six main types of Diarthrotic joints, and give a location where you could find each one.
a) Ball and Socket ; Hip and shoulder
b) Hinge : Knee, distal joints of fingers and toes, elbow.
c) Pivot : Atlas on Axis to rotate head.
d) Saddle: At base of thumb where thumb's metacarpal articulates with Trapezium.
e) Gliding : Between Vertebrae, Clavicles onto Sternum.
f) Condyloid : Where Metacarpal and Proximal phalanx articulate, also where metatarsal and proximal phalanx meet.
What is the difference between each pair of terms? pp.122-125
a) Flexion vs. Extension: The movement of a joint in a manner that closes down the angle across the joint (Flexion) or opens up the angle across the joint.
b) The movement of a limb out laterally away from the midline and then back toward the midline from that lateral position.