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Chapter 4 Study Guide—Energy

  1. __Photosynthesis______is the transfer of light energy from the sun to chemical energy in the bonds of sugars
  1. What type of organisms carry out photosynthesis?Plants and organisms that have chlorophyll
  1. Define an autotroph – self feeder, makes own food
  1. Give an example - plants
  1. Define heterotroph – “other feeder”, have to eat food
  1. Give an example- humans
  1. Draw a basic picture of ADP and ATP

  2. What is the difference in their shape?ATP = 3 phosphate ADP = 2 phosphate
  1. What is different about the energy each has?ATP = high energy

ADP = low energy

  1. *How is the ATP/ADP setup like a rechargeable battery?
    ADP is uncharged (only 2 phosphates). When a third phosphate is added, the ATP is now a charged battery and can use its energy
  2. Write down the reaction for photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide +water + light -- oxygen + glucose

  1. Label the reactants - Carbon dioxide +water + light
  2. Label the products - oxygen + glucose
  3. Label the carbohydrate -glucose
  4. Label the types of energy – light and chemical
  5. Label what gets split - water
  6. Label what gets “fixed up” – carbon dioxide
  1. What is the name of the pigment in the chloroplast? chlorophyll
  2. What is the cell part that carries out photosynthesis?chloroplast
  3. Complete the table below about the light reactions and dark reactions of photosynthesis

Reaction Type / What goes into it? / What comes out of it? / Does it need light? / Does it need the dark? / What gets split? / What gets “fixed up”?
LIGHT /
water
light / oxygen / Yes / No / water / ----
DARK / Carbon dioxide
/ Glucose / No / No / ---- / Carbon dioxide
  1. Complete the flowchart below
  2. What other foods can be produced using
  3. Alcoholic fermentation?Wine, bread
  4. Lactic acid fermentation?Pickles, yogurt
  5. Can animals and plants do respiration?Yes, any organism with a mitochondrion (eukaryotes)
  1. Can animals carry out photosynthesis?NO
  1. Why can only eukaryotes do aerobic respiration?They have mitochondria
  2. What is the first step of cellular respiration?Glycolysis
  1. Role of NAD – carries hydrogen to the electron transport chain
  1. Write down the reaction for respiration
    glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP
  2. Label the reactants -glucose + oxygen
  3. Label the products - carbon dioxide + water + ATP
  4. Label the carbohydrate - glucose
  5. Label the types of energy – chemical (both)
  6. Label what glucose turns into – glucose  pyruvic acid  carbon dioxide
  7. *How are photosynthesis and respiration considered opposite processes?
    The reactants of one are the products of the other. Glucose and oxygen are the reactants of respiration but are the products of photosynthesis

Photosynthesis: light  glucose

Respiration: glucose  ATP

  1. Complete the table below

Reaction / Where does it happen? / What goes into it? / What comes out of it? / How much ATP is made?
GLYCOLYSIS /
cytoplasm
/ Glucose / Pyruvic acid (3C molecule) + ATP / 2
FERMENTATION /
cytoplasm
/ Pyruvic acid (3C molecule) / Alc: bread, wine
Lactic: yogurt, pickles / 0
KREBS CYCLE /
mitochondria
/ Pyruvic acid (3C molecule) / Carbon dioxide and ATP / 2
ELECTRON TRANSPORT /
mitochondria
/ ---- / Water and ATP / 32