NAME______PERIOD_____ DATE______
Chapter 32 Independence & Nationalism in the Developing World
Lesson 1: South Asia
Read the section “India Divided”( P. 654-656 – stop at Southeast Asia) and complete the questions and statements below.
- Name the 2 groups in India who were divided at the end of WW2. ___HINDUS______MUSLIMS__
- To handle the division between those groups, the British decided to divide or “partition” India into two countries. Explain that division: The Indian subcontinent will be divided into 2 nations: the new India would be smaller & would be for Hindus; Pakistan would have 2 regions separated by India & would be for Muslims (East & West Pakistan – see map on 656).
- Besides Independence for India & Pakistan, what else happened on August 15, 1947?CIVIL WAR BEGAN
- The new nation of India was led by ____JAWARHALAL NEHRU_. In terms of the Cold War – what was India’s policy?POLICY OF NONALIGNMENT – THEY WOULD NOT TAKE SIDES WITH EITHER THE US OR THE SU – THEY WOULD REMAIN NEUTRAL.
- Briefly describe some of the problems experienced in India after independence…
They needed to modernize & industrialize & get their new DEMOCRACY up and running. There were lingering divisions between HINDUS & MUSLIMS who remained in India. Also – the old religious and social system of CASTE continued to divide people & kept the lower groups from being able to improve their lives. Also – several of India’s early leaders were assassinated – making political stability difficult to achieve early on.
Read “Pakistan & Bangladesh” p. 656…
- What happened to East Pakistan in 1971? EAST PAKISTAN would break away & form the independent nation of BANGLADESH.
- Briefly describe some of the problems experienced in India, Pakistan & Bangladesh after independence…
RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS (HINDU/MUSLIM and RADICAL ISLAM) and POVERTY have hurt Pakistan & Bangladesh for decades.
Lesson 2: The Middle East
Read the lesson & complete the questions & statements below.
- How was the decision to divide the “Palestine Mandate” made? (who decided? By what authority?)
While the British had a mandate over Palestine during WW2 – it was the UNITED NATIONS who decided to divide the “Palestine Mandate” into a Jewish State & an Arab State. (their authority was that the UN was to handle international disputes to try to prevent further world wars). So in May of 1948 the modern Jewish state of ISRAEL was proclaimed.
- What was the reaction of neighboring Arab countries to the division of Palestine?They were outraged & war broke out. Israel prevailed but most Arab nations in the region refused to recognize Israel. Many Arab Palestinians fled Israel to neighboring countries; some remained in areas of Israel in refugee camps.
- According to your text, what “remains an important ISSUE in the Middle East today?CREATING A PALESTINIAN STATE REMAINS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE IN THE MIDDLE EAST TODAY!!
- Read “The Arab-Israeli Dispute” (p. 661) & explain how the issue you identified above has caused conflict for many decades in this part of the world. Israel’s neighboring Arab nations want Israel to return land to the Arab Palestinians so they can re-establish their nation. This has never happened & MANY wars have been fought over this issue. It has divided the region & caused problems for the US who has tried to broker peace in the Middle East for many decades BECAUSE OF THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND BECAUSE OF THE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF OIL THAT IS FOUND THERE.
- Finally, read the opening paragraph on page 662… then the last paragraph on page 663 (under “Society & Culture). Explain how Islam has influenced politics and social problems in the Middle East. As part of your answer, please include & define the term “Islamic Fundamentalism.”
Modern Middle East Problems:
- Economic Inequality – some countries are wealthy because of oil but others remain poor;
- Too much of an influence from foreign (Western) culture & values– which many Muslims believe to be based on materialism, greed & immorality.
*To address these problems Muslim groups have emerged that support a return to a pure, strict following of the rules of the religion of Islam – this is called fundamentalism. Some Islamic fundamentalists go even further & favor a radical or extreme form of fundamentalism that supports using violence to end all Western influence in Muslim countries. Some of these extremist groups have resorted to acts of terrorism & extreme violence in order to get their message across. They are rejected by mainstream Islam & are one of the major disruptive forces operating in the world today.
Islamic fundamentalistsbelieve that the problems of the world stem from secular influences – “the phrase is applied to Muslims who are thought to adhere strictly to ancient doctrines, to literal readings of the Koran, and are determined to resist modernity and modernization. It is also used for Muslims who want to use the traditions of Islam as a blueprint to build a more just society through the application of Koranic law.”
Crash Course – Islamic and politics
Can you think of examples of EXTREME NATIONALISM that we have covered this year? Similarities to EXTREMISM IN ISLAM?
Nat Geo on hajj