Chapter 31 Fungi
Study Guide
Important Figures
Fig 31.2, 31.3, 31.4, 31.5, 31.13, 31.17, 31.19, 31.21, 31.24, table on pg 652.
Key Terms
absorption / arbuscularmycorrhizae / Ascomycota / Basidomycotachitin / coenocytic / conidia / cytrids
cytrids / dikaryon / ectomycorrhizae / endomycorrhizae
ergot / exoenzymes / Glomeromycota / haustoria
heterokaryon / hyphae / Imperfect fungi / karyogamy
lichen / Microsporidia / mold / mycelia
mycorrhizae / mycosis / soredia / pheromones
plasmogamy / septa / yeasts / Zygomycota
Key Concepts
1)Approximately how many fungal species are currently known? Do mycologists think that we know all of the species of fungus that are on the planet? Explain.
2)What are the basic characteristics of all fungi?
3)Compare and contrast fungal and animal nutrition. What feeding characteristics do they share? What are two major ecological roles of fungi?
4)Draw the basic structure of a fungus, labeling fruiting body, mycelium, and hyphae.
5)Draw bothcoenocytichyphae and septatehyphae.
6)What is the function of haustoria? What types of fungi would have haustoria?
7)Draw a generalized fungal life cycle, labeling diploid, haploid and heterokaryon stages. How is a heterokaryon formed? Also include plasmogamy and karyogamy in your diagram. Can coenocytichyphae form dikaryotichyphae? Can septatehyphae form dikaryotichyphae? Explain.
8)If plasmogamy occurs without karyogamy, what would the resulting hyphae look like? How do pheromones play a role in plasmogamy?
9)How do dikaryotichyphae differ from haploid or diploid hyphae?
10)Compare and contrast Zygomycota,Glomeromycota,Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. How do their life cycles differ? Draw the life cycle and give a representative species for each group.
11)In Zygomycetes, how do sporangia differ from zygosporangia and how do the spores produced by each structure differ?
12)How common are glomeromycete-plant interactions? What type of mycorrhizae do glomeromycetes form?
13)How do conidia differ from ascospores?
14)When fungi grow, do they get longer or fatter hyphae? Why is this advantageous? How does a fairy ring form?
15)Most fungi have both sexual and asexual means of reproduction. What is the advantage of each form?
16)Why are deuteromyctesfungi not part of zygomycetes, ascomycetes, or basidiomycetes?
17)Describe the relationship between endophytes and the plants with which they associate.
18)How is a leaf-cutter ant dependent upon fungi?
19)How do skin mycoses differ from systemic mycoses and which is a more serious infection? Give examples of both types of fungi.
20)What arelichens? How do they reproduce?
21)What are mycorrhizae? How do arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi differ from ectomycorrhizal fungi? How do they impact plant growth?
22)Describe three separate, practical uses humans have for fungi.
23)How may Phanerochaetechrysoporium help reduce the cost of textbooks?
24)What psychoactive compound is found in ergot of rye?