Chapter 25 Reading Guide

  1. In what century did Latin America struggle to achieve their independence?
  2. Why did early movements for independence fail?
  3. Why did the Creoles reject the model of the French Revolution?
  4. Identify: Toussaint L’Overture,Father Miguel de Hidalgo, Augustin de Iturbide, Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin,Pedro I.
  5. What was the reaction to the Haitian independence movement on Cuba and Puerto Rico?
  6. For ______and free people of ______throughout the Americas, however, Haiti became a symbol of ______and ______.
  7. During the Napoleonic wars a committee ruled in the name of ______in opposition to ______, whom was appointed king by Napoleon.
  8. By 1825, all Spanish South America had gained ______.
  9. Although unhappy with Portuguese rule, why did Brazilian planters and merchants fear a revolution?
  10. How were the Napoleonic wars different in Portugal fromSpain?
  11. In what way was the government of Independent Brazil different than other new Latin American nations?

New Nations confront Old and New Problems

  1. Which countries continued to have slavery and which did not?
  2. Define Gran Colombia and which countries was a part of it.
  3. Who was Andres Santa Cruz?
  4. Why did most attempts at consolidation and union fail?
  5. Define caudillos.
  6. What was the struggle between the centralists and federalists?
  7. What is the Monroe Doctrine?
  8. What Latin American products were in demand in the European market? Where did they come from?(guano)
  9. What impact did the steam ship have on Latin America?
  10. Define Positivism and whose philosophy was it?
  11. Who was the inspiration for the Liberal, landowners and merchants?
  12. Why did Napoleon III intervene?
  13. Who was Maximilian von Habsburg? What was his relationship to Juarez?
  14. What were the effects of Juarez’s rule?
  15. Who are Unitarians?
  16. How did Rosas change federalism? What is federalism?
  17. What were the strengths of Sarmiento’s rule?
  18. How was Brazil the “only functioning republic in South America in the 19th century”?
  19. How did coffee change Brazilian economy?
  20. How was slavery changing in Brazil in the 19th century (don’t forget immigration’s impact)?
  21. What caused the writing of Rebellion in the Backlands?

Societies in Search of Themselves

  1. How was European culture transcending into Latin America?
  2. What was the expectant role of women?
  3. What was the main difference between upper and lower class women?
  4. “The one area in which the situation of women began to change significantly was ______”
  5. What patterns were being established concerning social classes in Latin America?

The Great Boom

  1. What made Latin America unique in being prepared for an export led economy?
  2. How was Latin America making money off of exports?
  3. Why does Stearns say that “these economies were particularly vulnerable and in some ways dependent”?
  4. What was significant about the War of the Pacific?
  5. Why was Latin America getting foreign investments?
  6. Who is Porfirio Diaz?
  7. What did Diaz “project” and why?
  8. What were the strengths and weaknesses to Diaz’s term?
  9. What was the cause of an Argentinean Socialist Party? What were the effects of this party?
  10. What were the effects of the Spanish American War?
  11. Why was the Panama Canal important to the US?