APUSH 11
Chapter 20 of America’s History: Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives (1880 -1917)
Key Concept 6.1: Technological advances, large-scale production methods, and the opening of new markets encouraged the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States.
III. New systems of production and transportation enabled consolidation within agriculture, which, along with periods of instability, spurred a variety of responses from farmers.
A) Improvements in mechanization helped agricultural production increase substantially and contributed to declines in food prices.
B) Many farmers responded to the increasing consolidation in agricultural markets and their dependence on the evolving railroad system by creating local and regional cooperative organizations.
C) Economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the People’s (Populist Party) Party, which called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American economic system.
Key Concept 6.3: The Gilded Age produced new cultural and intellectual movements, public reform efforts, and political debates over economic and social policies.
II. Dramatic social changes in the period inspired political debates over citizenship, corruption, and the proper relationship between business and government.
A) The major political parties appealed to lingering divisions from the Civil War and contended over tariffs and currency issues even as reformers argued that economic greed and self-interest had corrupted all levels of government.
B) Many women sought greater equality with men, often joining voluntary organizations, going to college, promoting social and political reform, and, like Jane Addams, working in settlement houses to help immigrants adapt to U.S. language and customs.
Key Concept 7.1: Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.
II. In the Progressive Era of the early 20th century, Progressives responded to political corruption, economic instability, and social concerns by calling for greater government action and other political and social measures.
A) Some Progressive Era journalists attacked what they saw as political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality, while reformers, often from the middle and upper classes and including many women, worked to effect social changes in cities and among immigrant populations.
B) On the national level, Progressives sought federal legislation that they believed would effectively regulate the economy, expand democracy, and generate moral reform. Progressive amendments to the Constitution dealt with issues such as prohibition and woman suffrage.
C) Preservationists and conservationists both supported the establishment of national parks while advocating different government responses to the overuse of natural resources.
D) The Progressives were divided over many issues. Some Progressives supported Southern segregation, while others ignored its presence. Some Progressives advocated expanding popular participation in government, while others called for greater reliance on professional and technical experts to make government more efficient. Progressives also disagreed about immigration restriction
General Vocabulary: flamboyant, constituencies,
Historical Vocabulary Don’t just define the word. Know how it relates to historical events. Make flashcards for each of the Key Concepts and Events and Key People at the end of the chapter.
Questions:
1. Know who Jacob Coxey was and why he marched on the White House.
2. Describe electoral politics after the Civil War.
3. Analyze the maps on page 639. Explain who won each election and how it is related to question 2. Explain this in a typed paragraph and turn in as homework on the day after reading was assigned. Make sure you include the term mugwumps.
4. Explain how President Garfield died and its impact on government reform.
5. Describe the Sherman Antitrust Act.
7. Describe the purpose of the Lodge Bill and why it failed.
8. Explain the rise of the Populist Party.
9. Describe the Omaha Platform and explain the impact of the Populist Party.
10. Describe what happened during the Panic of 1893 (the depression) and its impact on Americans.
11. Explain how Cleveland dealt with the idea of the free silver policy and how he preserved the gold standard.
12. Study the map on page 646 and explain its relationship to Williams v. Mississippi and suffrage and segregation in the South. Turn in as a typed paragraph on the day after reading was assigned.
13. Describe William Jennings Bryan’s Cross of Gold Speech and his political platform as he ran for president.
14. Explain how Northerners excluded immigrant voters in the 1980s and the impact of their action.
15. Describe the Lochner v. New York riling and its impact.
16. Describe the impact of the Supreme Court rulings listed in the caption of the picture on page 649.
17. Describe how Theodore Roosevelt became president.
18. Describe each of the acts Roosevelt passed to control trusts under his New Deal Program.
19. Describe John Muir’s impact on Roosevelt and fully describe Roosevelt’s actions to protect the environment.
20. Describe the Wisconsin Idea to include the ideas of recall and referendum. Also know what initiative is (in class).
21. Explain the ruling in the Muller v. Oregon case and its limitations.
22. Explain the successes and failures of the Progressives in terms of child labor.
23. Describe the goals of the Niagara Movement (Niagara Principles) and W.E.B. DuBois relationship to the Niagara Movement and the NAACP. How did these goals differ from the goals of Booker T. Washington?
24. Describe the goals of the IWW and its relationship to the picture on page 656.
25. Explain why President Roosevelt ran for a third term (listen in class), his New Nationalism platform, and why he created the Progressive Party.
26. Describe the 1912 election, the candidates, and their platforms.
27. Describe each of the Progressive reforms made by Wilson and their impact, to include the 16th Amendment, the Federal Reserve Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Adamson Act, and the Seamen’s Act.
28. Describe the limitations of the Progressive Era and the reasons Americans resisted progressive change.