Chapter 2: The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America—LOQs
- The Protestant Reformation and the Challenge to Spain
Level 1:
- What is the most militantly Catholic society in Europe?
-Spain was the most militantly Catholic society.
- Who is John Calvin?
-He was a French Protestant, who formed the religious sect of Calvinism.
- How long did the war for independence from catholic Spain last?
-Dutch independence was finally granted after 80 years in 1648 once the Spanish had drained their own resources.
- What did the Calvinists reject?
-The Calvinists rejected: Papal supremacy, the seven sacraments, clerical celibacy, veneration of the saint, and the acts of charity and the penitential rituals by which Catholics tried to earn grace and store up merits.
- Who challenges Spanish power in Europe?
-France, the Netherlands, and England all did.
Level 2:
- Why didn't the three Protestant countries unite?
-All three had political differences with the other.
- Why didn't Spain become Protestant?
-Religion became political ties and had more connection with the Catholic Church also years led to a greater loyalty to the Church.
- How did Calvinists view Lutherans?
-They viewed the Lutherans as hypocrites.
Level 3:
- What would've happened to the America if the Protestant Reformation had not happened?
-Spain would've become the most dominant European society, due to no challenges from only Catholic societies which would have led to most of the Americas would have belonged to them. Although, another possibility occurs in which Spain would lose its hold and the current results would have occurred with a slight difference to the inflation that would hit Spain.
II. New France
Level 1:
- What year did Francis send Giovanni to Asia?
-in 1524
2. How many voyages did Champlain make to Canada before he died in 1635?
-11 voyages
3. What does coureur de bois mean?
-It means roamer of the woods
4. How did Minister Colbert try to band the Frenchmen from the Indian territory?
-By limiting the fur trade to annual fairs at Montreal and Quebec
5. How many people lived in France in 1500?
-16 million
Level 2:
1. Why did Louis XIV and Minister Colbert take charge of the colony and try to turn it into an absolutist society?
-Louis XIV and Minister Colbert performed those actions due to their personal views. They essentially wanted to make the colony into perfection, if you may.
2. Why did Menendez attack the French in 1565?
-Menendez most likely attacked them because some of them (the ones who settled in the Atlantic coast of Florida) did not want to accept Catholic religion. He did spare some women and children.
3. Why did the Jesuit disagree to Europeanize their land?
-They didn’t want to go against their religious values and beliefs.
Level 3:
1. Does marrying different ethnicity change or become an impact on a community?
-Yes, because not everyone in the community may be comfortable with the chosen lifestyle of the couple. Their choices could change the way the community looks upon them as well as how they look on others. It all depends on whether the community as a whole is open to new and different things.
III. The Dutch and Swedish Settlements
Level 1:
1. What country did Netherland surpass in the manufacturing business? -Italy
2. What year did the truce end between Netherland and Spain?
-1621
3. What was the main purpose of Dutch expansion overseas?
-Profit
4. What was the Dutch Republican population by 1600?
-2million
5. In New Amsterdam how many languages were being spoken in 1640? -18
Level 2:
- Did the Languages they spoke have an accent on them?
-???
2. Why did the Swedes decide to seize Fort Casimir?
-???
3. What made Netherland go in the manufacturing business?
-???
Level 3:
- What if Nether never was formed as a country?
-???
IV. The Challenge from Elizabeth England
Level 1:
1. What is the English Reformation?
-The English Reformation is Protestant reformers who demanded a complete reformation of eradication of Catholic vestiges and the replacement of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer with sermons and psalms as the dominant mode of worship.
2. Who is Sir Walter Ralegh?
-Sir Walter Ralegh is the half brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert, a well educated humanists.
3. In the 1560, who competed for the same land?
-England began competing for their own land in 1560 because of the increase of their population and sheep growth.
4. In 1560, who achieved control over Ireland?
-England took control of Ireland.
5. How did the English form their preconceptions about American Indians?
-They formed their preconceptions from their contact with the Irish.
Level 2:
1. How come the English didn't achieve control around Dublin?
-The English tried to in force their life style on most parts of Ireland but failed. Therefore Dublin wasn't controlled by them.
2. Why did John Cabot move to Bristol?
-He moved to search for a northwest passage to Asia.
3. Why didn't London want to become involved with American affairs?
-London didn't want to be apart of American affairs because they had their attention set on southwestern ports.
Level 3:
1. How would the relationship of London and West Country permit Virginia to succeed with earlier settlements that failed?
-London and West Country probably saw Viriginia' s settlements as a threat so interfered to make the settlement fail.
V. The Swarming of the English
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VI. The Chesapeake and West Indian Colonies
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VII. The New England Colonies
Level 1:
- During what years did the Puritans leave England for the Netherlands?
-During the years of 1607 and 1609
- When did the Puritans settle in the Massachusetts Bay?
-Between 1930 and 1941
- Why was Anne Hutchinson banished from the New England Society?
-She was banished because she said that the ministers were leading them straight to hell.
- What were the five Puritan Colonies?
-Massachusetts, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Haven.
- When did the Puritan Massacre of the Pequot Indians take place?
-In 1637
Level 2:
- What was the importance of separation of church and state to the New England Society?
-We agreed that law should be separated from religion, we believe religion shouldn’t be forced upon the people by the state.
- How did the Puritans affect American Culture?
-With leaving religion, work, and education influences on us
- Why did Puritanism decline?
-People started to question their faith and they started to become selfish and pursue material goods.
Level 3:
- What was the impact of non-separatist and separatist views on the development and structure of New England Society? Was it negative or positive?
-We believe that non-separatists and separatist’s views impacted the development of the England society in a negative way, the non-separatists advocated to stick with the church and the separatists didn’t want that. At the end of the day the separatists now known as pilgrims fled in search of religious freedom. The opposing views led to conflict the impact was negative overall.
VIII. The English Civil Wars
Level 1:
- How many colonies did England establish?
-???
2. How many supreme courts did England have?
-???
3. Who was the first English governor of New York?
-???
4. Who is James Harrington?
-???
5. Did the transition from a Dutch to English colony go smoothly?
-???
Level 2:
- Why did the English want "New Netherland" if it wasn't profitable?
-???
2. Why was it so difficult to convince the Barbadians who settled in Carolina to accept the Fundamental Constitutions?
-???
3. Why did the English merchants in New York City believe they had to be more English to attract newcomers?
-???
Level 3:
- How did the fact that the English merchants in New York City resented the continuing Amsterdam trade affect their economy?
-???
IX. The First Restoration Colonies
Level One:
1. In what year did the New Jersey proprietors split their holding into two colonies?
-It was 1674 when Sir George Cateret claimed East New Jersey and Lord Berkeley claimed West New Jersey.
2.In the 16th century which countries challenged Spanish power in Europe?
-France, England, and the Netherlands challenged Spanish power.
3. When did the Indian Slave Trade collapse?
-It collapsed in 1715
4. What did the Quakers do?
-The Quakers infuriated other Christians because of their beliefs about God.
5. What happened in West New Jersey?
-In 1670, Byllinge made a document that lodged legislative power in a assembly.
Level Two:
1. What did William Penn do?
-William Penn launched a “holy experiment”.
2. Why did Carolina traders ally themselves with Indians?
-To attack others and drag the captives, mostly women and children, to Charleston for sale as slaves.
3. How did Restoration Colonies make it easy for settlers to acquire land?
-They offered newcomers strong guarantees of civil and political liberties.
Level Three:
1. How would you feel if you and your family or a loved one got sold to slavery?
-I would feel very sad and alone. I would feel like I’m alone in the world and I would feel like there’s no one to care for me, or can replace that person.
X. Brotherly Love: The Quakers and America
Level1:
1. Who founded the society of friends?
-George Fox
2. Who did Quakers infuriate?
-Other Christians
3. What conditions did women in Quaker household face ?
-Full equality and even chance to become preachers.
4. Why did Quakers head to America?
-They were under harsh prosecution.
5. How was a proprietary colony called Pennsylvania?
-Charles II named that colony after an admiral, Penn.
Level 2:
1. Why did Quakers struck others as dangerous radicals , whose beliefs would bring anarchy?
-Quakers believed and insisted that God , in the form of inner light , is present in all people who can become good "even perfect" if they let the light shine forth. Also, they took all of Jesus' advice literally, they became pacifists
2. Why exactly were the Christians infuriated by Quakers beliefs?
-They were infuriated because Quakers beliefs were in opposition of their own. For example Quakers believed oath- taking was sinful, Christians judicial system rested on oaths. This could have caused them to have the wrong opinions and ideas about Quakers.
3. How did Quakers reforms affect family life (society) and how were their reforms different from the Christian's?
-They built bigger houses than non-Quakers with the same amount of resources. Their families were more affectionate especially towards their children. For example, the Quakers began to limit family size, earlier than the Christians, to give more love to the children they had.
Level 3:
1. Why did Quaker's society provide level of women rights to women in it's society and do you think they were a level up on the evolution of rights between men and women?
-After the English war and semi-fresh start in the "New World" they sought to purify religion, in a way (to remove corruption). Probably by providing women with actual rights in a way they clearly separated themselves from others and made them seem more holy and true Christians. In my opinion they had the right idea but not the correct reason behind the equality of males and females