CHAPTER 18 & 24 Test CHEMISTRY
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. Strong acids and bases are good electrolytes.
____ 2. An acidic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
____ 3. X-rays are produced by radioactive sources and they have more energy than gamma rays.
____ 4. In solution, strong acids and bases ionize only partially.
____ 5. An alpha particle has the same composition as a helium nucleus.
____ 6. The relative amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions determine whether an aqueous solution is acidic, basic or neutral.
____ 7. Small atoms must have a neutron/proton ratio less than 1:1 to be stable.
____ 8. Genetic damage, which can affect future generations of offspring, can occur from exposure to high levels of radiation.
____ 9. U-235 is the most common nuclear fuel used in fission.
____ 10. An acidic solution causes red litmus paper to turn blue.
____ 11. Acid solutions taste bitter and basic solutions taste sour.
____ 12. Fusion reactions are commercially viable because they require low energies to initiate and sustain a reaction.
____ 13. As pH is decreasing, pOH is increasing.
____ 14. Weak acids produce fewer ions than strong acids and cannot conduct electricity as well.
____ 15. An indicator is used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 16. ______release excess steam from a nuclear reactor.
a. / control rods / c. / turbinesb. / cooling towers
____ 17. Unlike an acid, an aqueous solution of a base ______.
a. / causes some indicators to change colorb. / conducts electricity
c. / contains more OH- ions than H+ ions
____ 18. Radioisotopes used in medical diagnosis should have _____.
a. / long half-lives and be slowly eliminated from the bodyb. / short half-lives and be quickly eliminated from the body
c. / short half-lives and be slowly eliminated from the body
____ 19. Which type of radiation is the most penetrating?
a. / beta / c. / all three are essentially equalb. / gamma
____ 20. When NaOH(aq) reacts completely with HCl(aq) and the resulting solution is evaporated to dryness, the solid remaining is ______.
a. / an ester / c. / a metalb. / a salt
____ 21. The half-life of iodine-131 is 8.0 days. How many half-lives have passed after 24 days?
a. / 2 / c. / 1b. / 3
____ 22. The common name for acetic acid is ______.
a. / vinegar / c. / ammoniab. / battery acid
____ 23. Which is the most likely pH for a solution of a weak acid?
a. / 1 / c. / 5b. / 14
____ 24. A breakfast drink has a [H+] of 2.5 x 10-5. What is its pOH?
a. / 9.4 / c. / 1.0 x 10-7b. / 4.0 x 10-10
____ 25. Car batteries contain a strong acid called ______.
a. / citric acid / c. / sulfuric acidb. / nitric acid
____ 26. If the pH is 8.64, what is the pOH?
a. / 1.62 / c. / 8.64b. / 5.36
____ 27. Alpha particles have a _____ charge.
a. / -1 / c. / +1b. / +2
____ 28. Which of the following would make a good electrolyte solution?
a. / strong acid / c. / weak acidb. / neutral solution
____ 29. Which of the following is NOT a property of a strong base?
a. / poor conductor of electricity / c. / produces OH-b. / turns red litmus blue
____ 30. _____ is the splitting of nuclei.
a. / fusion / c. / fissionb. / denaturation
____ 31. What is the [OH-] if [H+] is 7.89 x 10-9?
a. / 1.27 x 10-5 / c. / 1.27 x 10-6b. / 7.89 x 105
____ 32. After 4 half-lives, how much strontium-90 remains if there was 40.0 mg present in the original sample?
a. / 20 mg / c. / 5 mgb. / 2.5 mg
____ 33. Bombarding a nucleus with high-energy particles that change it from one element to another, when using a particle accelerator, is called ______.
a. / induced transmutation / c. / a breeder reactionb. / a half-reaction
____ 34. In a solution, litmus is blue. The pH of the solution could be ____.
a. / 3 / c. / 10b. / 4
____ 35. The pH scale allows scientists to define the acidity of a substance on a scale of _____.
a. / 1-14 / c. / 0-14b. / 1-7
____ 36. Unstable nuclei can break apart spontaneously, changing the identity of the _____ .
a. / elements / c. / reactionsb. / atoms
____ 37. ______damage is damamge to nonreproductive body tissues only.
a. / somatic / c. / magneticb. / genetic
____ 38. _____ is the combining of nuclei.
a. / fission / c. / decayb. / fusion
____ 39. Irradiated food can be safely stored for a longer time because the radiation ______.
a. / prevents air oxidation / c. / prevents air reductionb. / kills bacteria
____ 40. ______can be used in radiochemical dating of artifacts that were once living and less than 50 000 years old.
a. / cobalt-60 / c. / uranium-235b. / carbon-14
____ 41. Which of the following could NOT be used to determine the pH of a solution?
a. / universal indicator solution / c. / litmus paperb. / pH meter
____ 42. In a nuclear reactor, water can serve as ______.
a. / a fuel only / c. / both a fuel and a coolantb. / neither a fuel nor a coolant
____ 43. Unstable nuclei emit radiation to become more stable by a process called ______.
a. / radioactive decay / c. / chain reactionb. / electron capture
____ 44. According to the Arrhenius theory, a substance that yields hydrogen ions as the only ion in an aqueous solution is ______.
a. / a base / c. / a saltb. / an acid
____ 45. Why are control rods used in a nuclear fission reactor?
a. / to protect people from radiation / c. / to absorb the neutronsb. / to provide chemical combustion
____ 46. A ______occurs when one element converts into another element through nuclear change.
a. / gamma ray / c. / transmutationb. / nuclear force
____ 47. When acids react with metals, they produce _____ gas.
a. / hydrogen / c. / nitrogenb. / sulfur
____ 48. Which of the following is a weak base?
a. / NaOH / c. / Zn(OH)2b. / Ca(OH)2
____ 49. A fission reacction is similar to a fusion reactions in that both reactions involve ______.
a. / collisions between nuclei of low atomic numberb. / the conversion of mass to energy
c. / collisions between nuclei of high atomic number
____ 50. ______reactions are also called thermonuclear reactions.
a. / chain / c. / fissionb. / fusion
BONUS
51. Which of the following acids would be considered a weak acid, HCl or H2CO3 ? Explain how you know.
HCl(g) g H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) H2CO3(aq) D H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq)