Chapter 12 – Protein Synthesis – Overview
– The DNA of the gene is transcribed into RNA
• Which is translated into ______
• The flow of genetic information from ______
______
• Genes on DNA are ______, which provide the molecular basis for inherited traits
• A particular gene, ______
– Specifies ______
______
Genes - discrete units of hereditary information comprised of a nucleotide sequence found in a DNA molecule.
12.3 RNA
• Three Types of RNA
• Messenger RNA (mRNA) – ______
______
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – ______
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) – ______
______
• Three main differences between mRNA and DNA
• ______
• ______
• ______
12.3 TRANSCRIPTION
The process of making ______from ______
– Why do you need this process?
• Location of DNA? ______
• Location of Ribosome? ______
– mRNA takes code from ______
______
Transcription produces genetic messages in the form of mRNA
In the nucleus, the DNA helix unzips
• And______, ______following the base pairing rules
– As the single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) peels away from the gene
• ______.
12.3 Eukaryotic mRNA is processed before leaving the nucleus
– ______
______
• A ______are added to the ends
• Cap and tail protect mRNA
12-3 Protein Synthesis - Translation
• Translation is defined as going from ______to ______
– tRNA which have ______attached are going to the ______.
• What are amino acids? ______
• Does the order of amino acids matter? ______
______
· Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules serve as interpreters during translation
o How does the correct tRNA (with amino acid attached) bind to the mRNA? ______
Ribosomes build polypeptides (proteins)
– A ribosome consists of ______
• Each made up of proteins and a kind of RNA called
______
– The subunits of a ribosome
• Hold the ______
______
Elongation adds amino acids to the polypeptide chain until ______
______
– Once initiation is complete ______
______
– The mRNA moves a codon at a time
• ______, adding its amino acid to the peptide chain
1. Take the DNA and transcribe it into mRNA
Example: TAC ATA CTA GCG ACT
mRNA:
2. Take the mRNA sequence and decode it using the codon chart.
______= ______
______= ______
______= ______
______= ______
______= ______
Even though you did not need it to
figure out the sequence, what would
the anticodon sequence be?