Chapter 11: The Age of Imperialism

  1. The Scramble for Africa
  2. Africa Before European Domination
  3. In the mid –1800s, African people were divided up
  4. Most followed
  5. Some converted
  6. These groups spoke
  7. Politically, they ranged from
  8. Europeans had established
  9. African armies were strong enough
  10. By 1880, Europeans only controlled
  11. Large scale travel to the interior was almost impossible
  12. Disease and non navigable rivers
  13. Africans controlled
  14. These networks were highly specialized
  15. One tribe, the Chokwe
  16. Nations compete for overseas empire
  17. The Europeans who did make it into the interior of Africa were
  18. Europeans and Americans
  19. The CongoSparks Interest
  20. In the late 1860s David Livingstone, a Scottish missionary
  21. When no one had heard from him for ten years
  22. An American newspaper
  23. In 1871 he found
  24. Stanley then set out
  25. His explorations got the interest of
  26. He commissioned Stanley
  27. Between 1879 and 1882, Stanley signed treaties with
  28. The treaties gave Leopold II
  29. Leopold claimed that he was colonizing this area
  30. However, he used

At least 10 million Congolese died.

Because of his abuses

  1. The French had signed a treaty
  2. It didn’t take long before
  1. Forces Driving Imperialism
  2. Belief in
  3. National pride played a part
  4. An empire meant
  5. As competition increased
  6. Many Europeans subscribed to the beliefs
  7. Racism is a belief that
  8. Social Darwinism is when
  9. Those who were fittest for survival were
  10. They were thusly superior
  11. Non Europeans were considered to be
  12. Because
  13. The White Man’s Burden
  14. Written as a poem by Rudyard Kipling, but
  15. Europeans felt that it was their right and their duty
  16. Missionaries also pushed
  17. They also wanted to
  18. Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa
  19. One major advantage that Europeans had was
  20. The Maxim Gun,
  21. Africans had to rely on
  22. They had guns
  23. Europeans could also
  24. Steam engines allowed
  25. The drug Quinine, developed in 1829
  26. In Africa itself
  27. There were hundreds
  28. Each tribe, empire, or ethnic group was
  29. The Africans couldn’t
  30. The division of Africa
  31. The scramble for African territory
  32. The French began
  33. The discovery of
  34. The Berlin Conference Divides Africa
  35. European countries feared
  36. To prevent this
  37. This was called the
  38. Rules said
  39. By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia

Liberia was a colony founded by American Ex-Slaves.

  1. Raw Materials
  2. Most Europeans thought that Africans would
  3. European businesses needed
  4. There were many
  5. The Belgian Congo
  6. South Africa had
  7. There were also cash crop plantations that grew
  8. 1816 – a Zulu Chief named Shaka
  9. In 1879 – the British invaded after Cetshwayo
  10. The Zulu nearly
  11. The Zulu finally
  12. By 1887 the Zulu nation was
  13. The Boers and the British settle the Cape
  14. The first Europeans to settle in South Africa were
  15. They came to the Cape of Good Hope to
  16. Dutch farmers known as
  17. The British took over
  18. The Dutch and the British clashed over.
  19. In the 1830s the Boers began
  20. This is known as the
  21. They quickly found themselves
  22. The Boer War
  23. When diamonds and gold were discovered
  24. The Boers tried to protect their territory by
  25. A rebellion against the Boers
  26. This was the first
  27. The Boers launched
  28. The British
  29. Black Africans were
  30. Some
  31. Some served
  32. Those who were captured.
  33. The British won the war in 1910 and
  1. Imperialism
  2. A New Period of Imperialism
  3. Forms of Control
  4. Each European nation
  5. Four forms of taking colonies emerged
  6. Colony
  7. Protectorate
  8. Sphere of influence
  9. Economic Imperialism
  10. Methods of Management
  11. Direct Control
  12. Paternalism
  13. Europeans governed
  14. Provided their
  15. Europeans brought in
  16. Assimilation
  17. This was the theory that
  18. Mostly used by
  19. To aid in this transition

In practice the French abandoned assimilation

Used Association instead

  1. This was similar to indirect control, but
  1. Indirect Control
  2. Relied on
  3. Local rulers handled
  4. Each colony had
  5. Theory was that
  1. Nigeria: A British Colony
  2. Gaining Control
  3. The British gained control of Nigeria through both
  4. Northern Nigeria was captured by the
  5. The company took control of
  6. This gave the British
  7. In 1914
  8. Managing the Colony
  9. You had to claim a colony and govern it
  10. About 250 ethnic groups lived in Nigeria
  11. The
  12. The
  13. The
  14. Because the area was so diverse

This worked well with

The Yoruba and Igbo

  1. African Resistance
  2. Unsuccessful Attempts at Resistance
  3. These movements generally included
  4. The Algerians resisted
  5. Samori Touré
  6. In German East Africa native people believed
  7. Known as the Maji-Maji rebellion, and
  8. 20 different ethnic groups united
  9. Believed that

Official death toll

Probably double that

  1. Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance
  2. Menelik II
  3. He successfully
  4. While he was doing that
  5. Bought from
  6. Menelik II
  7. He thought
  8. In 1896 at the
  9. Kept
  1. The Legacy of Colonial Rule
  2. Negative
  3. Africans
  4. Africans
  5. Many
  6. There were famines
  7. Traditional culture
  8. Traditional authority
  9. Men were forced
  10. There was an admiration
  11. Africa was divided with no regard for
  12. Positives
  13. Colonialism reduced
  14. Improved
  15. Lifespan and literacy
  16. African products
  17. Railroads, dams, telephone, and telegraph lines
  18. Primarily benefited
  1. Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
  2. Ottoman Empire Loses Power
  3. Reforms Fail
  4. After Suleyman I
  5. Corruption and theft
  6. Coinage was devalued
  7. Selim III
  8. He attempted
  9. The older janissaries
  10. He was overthrown and
  11. Now nationalist revolts
  12. In 1830
  13. Ottoman weakness was becoming obvious
  14. EuropeansGrabTerritory
  15. Geopolitics
  16. This is the
  17. This was
  18. The Ottomans
  19. They controlled
  20. Any landlocked European country
  21. Oil was also discovered in Persia (Iran)
  22. Russia and the Crimean War
  23. The Russians had launched wars on
  24. 1853 –
  25. The Crimean War
  26. Called this because
  27. Br. and Fr. wanted
  28. Took the side of
  29. This war showed
  30. The Ottomans
  31. Russians aided
  32. Ottomans
  33. They also lost
  34. The Great Game
  35. This was
  36. Primarily waged over India
  37. Russia attempted
  38. Britain defended
  39. Afghanistan became
  40. In the 1800s
  41. Mountainous terrain and determined people kept invaders out.
  42. 1881
  43. 1921
  44. The newly formed (1917) Soviet Union
  45. remained until 1979
  46. Egypt Initiates Reform
  47. Military and Economic Reform
  48. Modernization happened because
  49. After Napoleon’s loss
  50. Muhammad Ali
  51. He was originally
  52. 1831 –
  53. European powers
  54. Ali began
  55. He changed
  56. They grew
  57. He brought
  58. Peasants suffered because
  59. The Suez Canal
  60. Muhammad Ali’s grandson Isma’il
  61. This is a waterway
  62. Built mainly
  63. Opened in
  64. Isma’il’s modernization efforts were
  65. In 1882
  66. Persia Pressured to Change
  67. Russia and Britain competed
  68. Russia wanted
  69. Persia gave territory
  70. Britain wanted
  71. In 1857
  72. When
  73. Persia could not
  74. To raise money
  75. These concessions allowed.
  76. The Anglo-Persian Oil Co
  77. The Battle over Tobacco
  78. The people of Persia.
  79. Religious leaders
  80. 1890 –
  81. Jamal al-Din
  82. He organizes

The concession was

  1. 1906 –
  2. 1908 –
  1. British Imperialism in India
  2. British Expand Control over India
  3. East India Company Dominates
  4. Officially controlled by
  5. Unofficially
  6. The Company even
  7. Led by
  8. Staffed by
  9. The “Jewel in the Crown”
  10. India was considered
  11. Over 300 million people
  12. The British restricted
  13. Had to produce
  14. British Transport Trade Goods
  15. Built
  16. Most raw materials
  17. The British shipped
  18. The tea
  19. Indian goods
  20. Russian
  21. This increased
  22. Cotton production
  23. Impact
  24. Negative
  25. India lost
  26. Indians lost
  27. Emphasis
  28. Increased
  29. Positives
  30. The Sepoy Mutiny
  31. Indians
  32. Indians resented
  33. 1857 –
  34. To use the cartridges
  35. Hindus
  36. Muslims
  37. Both groups were
  38. Commanders were shocked when
  39. The British reacted
  40. Those who refused
  41. May 10, 1857.
  42. Marched to
  43. From there
  44. The East India Company
  45. The Indians couldn’t
  46. Muslims didn’t
  47. Hindus preferred
  48. Local leaders
  49. The Sikhs also
  50. Turning Point
  51. 1858 –
  52. Called
  53. British
  54. Cabinet minister
  55. Princes
  56. The British
  57. Mutiny
  58. Nationalism in India
  59. Ram Mohun Roy
  60. Well-educated
  61. Others began
  62. Nationalist groups form
  63. Indian National Congress
  64. Muslim League
  65. Wanted
  66. 1905
  67. 1911-
  68. Imperialism in Southeast Asia
  69. Europeans
  70. Dutch Expand Control
  71. Dutch East India Company
  72. Seized land
  73. To manage these colonies,
  74. Created
  75. Dutch
  76. Dutch forced
  77. British take Malaya
  78. British
  79. Took
  80. Also took
  81. Tin and rubber
  82. Chinese were encouraged
  83. So many flocked to Malaysia
  84. French Control Indochina
  85. Had been active in SE Asia since
  86. Helped
  87. 1840
  88. Nap III
  89. Also add
  90. Called
  91. Used direct control
  92. Filled
  93. Didn’t encourage
  94. Increased the production
  95. Started V
  96. Colonial impact
  97. Mixed results
  98. Economies
  99. Modernization
  100. Education
  101. Area became
  102. There are still
  103. Siam Remains Independent
  104. Siam (modern day Thailand)
  105. Lay between
  106. Siamese kings
  107. Modernized itself
  108. Started
  109. Reformed
  110. Reorganized
  111. Built
  112. Ended
  113. Because changes came from within
  114. U.S. Imperialism in the PacificIslands
  115. The Philippines change hands
  116. U.S. acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
  117. Emilio Aguinaldo
  118. Declared independence
  119. U.S. defeated
  120. Built
  121. Businesses
  122. Hawaii Becomes a Republic
  123. 1790s
  124. 1820s
  125. by the 1850s
  126. 1890s
  127. Hawaiian sugar
  128. Business leaders
  129. This is.
  130. If Hawaii is part of the U.S.
  131. 1890s Queen Liliuokalani
  132. 1893
  133. In the same year
  134. In 1894
  135. He asked
  136. President Cleveland
  137. In 1898
  138. By the end of the 1800s all land is claimed