Chapter 11 Test: Alkanes and Saturated Hydrocarbons Objectives and Review Problems

  1. Compare and contrast organic and inorganic compounds in terms of bonding, melting point, boiling point, solubility in water, solubility in organics, and flammability.

Review: Fill in the following table.

Property / Organic / Inorganic
Bond type / covalent / ionic
Melting point / low / high
Boiling point / low / high
Solubility in water / little / no / yes
Solubility in organics / yes / no
Flammability / yes / no
  1. Identify hydrocarbons, substituted hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons from a list.

Review: Answer the following questions.

  1. What are the two elements present in hydrocarbons?_carbon & hydrogen___
  2. Look at the list below. Circle all the substituted hydrocarbons. Put a box around all the saturated hydrocarbons. Underline the aliphatic hydrocarbons.
  1. Write condensed, structural, and line formulas for saturated hydrocarbons.

Review: Write the condensed, structural, and line formulas for:

  1. Cyclobutane
  2. 2-methylpentane
  1. Describe the relationship between the structure and physical properties of saturated hydrocarbons.

Review: Which of the following (pentane, hexane, butane, or ethane) would exhibit the highest melting point? __hexane______Lowest boiling point? ___ethane______Highest density? __hexane______

  1. Use the basic rules of I.U.P.A.C. Nomenclature system to name and write formulas for alkanes and substituted alkanes.

Review: Name the following alkanes.

  1. Draw the structures for alkanes and substituted alkanes.

Review: Draw the following alkanes.

  1. 2-chloro-2-iodopropane b. 3-ethylhexane

c. 2,5-dibromoheptane d. 1-bromo-1-chloroethane

e. 1,2,4-trichloro-3,5,7-trimethyldecane

  1. Determine the bond angles for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Review: How many bonds must carbon form? ___4____ What would be the bond angle for a carbon with the maximum number of allowed single bonds? ___109.5º______

  1. Name cycloalkanes.

Review: Name the following cycloalkanes. Be sure to include cis and trans where applicable.

cis-1,2-dichlorocyclohexane methylcyclopropane trans-1,3-dimethylcyclooctane

  1. Draw structures of cycloalkanes.

Review: Draw the following structures.

  1. cis-1,3-dibromocyclobutane b. chlorocyclopentane

c. 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane

  1. Describe why cyclic structures are not as flexible as open-chain alkanes.

There is no free rotation around the bonds.

  1. Describe why the chair conformation of cyclohexane is more favorable than the boat conformation.

The hydrogens are more spaced out which lowers the overall energy of the molecule.

  1. Write equations for combustion reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes.

Review:

  1. Write the general equation for the complete combustion of an alkane.

Alkane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

  1. Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of pentane.

C5H12 + 8 O2  5 CO2 + 6 H2O

  1. Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclobutane.

C4H8+ 6 O2 4 CO2 + 4 H2O

  1. Write equations for halogenation reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes.

Review:

  1. Write the general equation for the halogenation of an alkane.

Alkane + halogen  alkyl halide + hydrogen halide

  1. What catalyst must be present for the halogenation to occur? __light or heat_____
  1. Write the balanced equation for the monochlorination of ethane.

C2H6 + Cl2  C2H5Cl + HCl

  1. Write the balanced equation for the monobromination of 2-methylbutane. (List all possible products.)