Chapter 1 – Three Worlds Meet
Section 1 – Peopling the Americas
Ancient Peoples Come to the Americas
•Maize (corn
•To store surplus food
•NOMADIC – moving from place to place
Complex Societies Flourish in the Americas
•Olmec
•Southern Mexico
•Complete Chart of Early Civilizations
•Finish for homework
•Will be checked before reviewed
OLMEC
•1200BC to 400BC
•Along the Gulf of Mexico
MAYA
•250AD to 900AD
•Guatamala and the YucantanPeninsula
AZTEC
•1200s to 1500s AD
•Valley of Mexico
INCA
•Around 1200
•Western coast South America
HOHOKAM and ANASAZI
•300BC to 1400AD
•Southwestern North America (United States)
ADENA and HOPEWELL
•500BC to 400AD
•East of the Mississippi River (more south)
MISSISSIPPIAN
•600AD to 1500AD
•(North) East of the Mississippi River
Section 2 – North American Societies Around 1492
California
•Kashaya Pomo
•Yurok and Hupa
NorthwestCoast
•Kuakiutl, Nootka, and Haida
Southwest
•Pueblo, Hopi
•Hohkam and Anasazi
•irrigation
Eastern Woodlands
•Iroquois
Land Use
•Commodity
Section 3 – West African Societies Around 1492
West Africa Connects
•Trade
•Islam
Sahara Highway
•Timbuktu
•Islam
Portuguese Arrive
•Outpost on the Western coast of Africa near the AKAN gold fields
•African Slaves
•Principe and Sao Tome
•Plantation – farm on which a single crop is grown on a large scale that is supported by human labor
•Purchased from village chiefs and were usually rival captives
•Model reproduced on a larger scale later in the Americas
Three African Kingdoms Flourish
•Savanna – a region of dry grassland
Benin
•Embassadors with Portugal
Kongo
•Similarities with European nations in the system of government
Use of Slave Labor
•Were not born into slavery
•Was not usually a lifetime of servitude
•Usually resulted from capture after a battle
•Could escape bondage by being adopted into or married into the family they served
Section 4 – European Societies Around 1492
The European Social Order
•Prince Henry of Portugal
•Renaissance – rebirth – curiosity – a desire for knowledge
Social Hierarchy
•Hierarchy – organized according to rank
•Finance costly overseas exploration and expansion
Christianity Shapes the European Outlook
Crusading Christianity
•Muslim armies
•Spanish Christians who regain territory of Spain
•Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon
•Asserted a power of a united Spain
•Crusades – a series of military expeditions to the Middle East in the name of Christianity to ‘rescue’ the Holy Land from the Muslims
Decline in Church Authority
•Reformation
•Protestants
Growth of Commerce
•Asian trade such as silk, porcelain, tea, and rugs
•Muslim merchants
•Middle class political power increase
Rise of Nations
•Portugal
•Spain
•France
•England
Renaissance
•Secular spirit, interests in worldly pleasures, and new confidence in human achievement
•Individualism
•Adventure, discovery, and conquest
Europe Enters a New Age
Portugal Takes the Lead
•Bartolomeu Dias
•Vasco de Gama
•Cartographer
•Atlantic
Section 5 – Transatlantic Encounters
Columbus Crosses the Atlantic
•August 3, 1492
•Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
•To find a westward sea route to India and the East
•Taino or Noble Ones
•San Salvador or Holy Savior
Gold, Land, and Religion
•Search for gold
•Christianity
Spanish Footholds
•Los Indos – Indians
•Hati and Dominican Republic
The Impact on Native Americans
Methods of Colonization
•Colonization – the establishment of distant settlements controlled by the Parent or Mother Country
•Plantation system
•Benefits of forced labor
•Use of European weapons to conquer native peoples
The Impact on Europeans
•Global transfer of living things (plants/animals)
•Treaty of Tordesillas
•Pope Alexander VI
•Brazil