Chapter 1: out of the Ice: the Peopling of the Earth s1
Chapter 5: Trades, State, Empires
OVERVIEW 5.1 The Phoenecian Influence on Mediterranean Culture
Phoenecian Colonies / Trade Goods→ / Cultural exchange→ / Historical Consequences /Tunisia; Cadiz, Spain; Carthage, Malta, Sardinia, Northwest coast of Africa / Dyes, wood, wood products, precious metals, ivory, linen / craft & shipbuilding techniques, religious cults, alphabetic writing system, / Network of production and distribution creates a large state capable of fielding powerful armies. Alliances with Egypt, other regional powers
OVERVIEW 5.2: Conditions Leading to Recovery in Mideast
Kingdom or Empire→ / Type of Leadership & Initiatives → / Effects on Mideast /Phoenician city states / Local kings; Industry based on proximity to forest, mineral, metal resources; development of trade colonies / Spread of Phoenician technical knowledge, cultural/religious ideas throughout Mediterranean
Assyrian Empire / Powerful king combines w/provincial governors; cult of personality combines with vicious conquests to instill fear Palace-building, other monumental architecture / Imperial state based on Upper Tigris river spreads to lower Mesopotamia, Mediterranean coast
Babylonian Empire / Strong city-state asserts independence, become imperial center after decline of Assyrians; large-scale building projects; monumental architecture, / large metropolis become regional political/trade/cultural center; Babylon & Egypt battle for control of regional resources
OVERVIEW 5.3: Americas, Africa & Eurasian Civilizations: 1000 – 500 B.C.E.
Region→ / Means of Cultural, Economic, Political Development→ / Distinctive Achievements /Greece / Sea-borne trade, colonization of Mediterranean basin, extensive cultural exchange / New forms of government (demokrateia) & communities (poleis, ethne); colonial autonomy, highly developed written literature
Zhou China / centralized rule, elaborate court rituals, ancestor worship, trade and taxation / lengthy dynasty, large scale agricultural development, spread of literacy throughout China
Ganges Valley / highly developed spiritual literature (Vedas, Upanishads), agriculture w/iron tools, little understanding of political, economic policies / first philosophies focused on doctrine of reincarnation, maya (matter as illusion), large scale urban settlements, fortifications
Sri Lanka / sophisticated water management systems combined with urbanization / large-scale cities, early adoption of Buddhism from neighboring India
North America / in the far north: decentralized communities, simple technologies, group hunting techniques; South/Midwest: wide-spread trade networks connecting to Mesoamerica, settlements / northern regions: long-term adaptation to hostile environments, gradual depletion of wildlife; South/Midwest: forager-settlements, mound-building, mixed agriculture/hunting-gathering culture
Subsaharan Africa / widespread trade, cultural exchange with hard-iron technology accelerating tool, weaponmaking, spread of Bantu-language / Growth of Nubian state south of Egypt; sophisticated art, industry in Niger region; building & farming techniques spread with Bantu-speakers