CHAPTER 1 “The Study of Life” Vocabulary Assignment
*Important Vocabulary: Using index cards or on paper, use each term below in a BIOLOGICALLY good sentence. A good sentence does not just rephrase the definition-it shows that you understand how to apply it to a biological situation. If you use index cards, please put your name on them and turn them in a baggie or secure with a rubber band.
1.Observation involves using one ormore of the senses to gather information
2. spontaneous generation-the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter (was a hypothesis)
3. Biology-study of living things
4. Inference–logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience
5. Controlled experiment-only one variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be kept unchanged or controlled
6. cell-collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings, the smallest unit of life
7. Hypothesis -possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question
8. Theory-applies to a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
9. Manipulated variable (independent)-the variable that is deliberately changed (“I changed it”)
10. Data- information gathered from observations may be quantitative or qualitative *
11. Responding variable (dependent)-variable that is observed and those changes in response to the manipulated variable.
12. Control group-a comparison group usually the group without the manipulated variable or a “normal” level
13. constants-variables that are kept the same throughout an experiment.
14. Sexual reproduction-two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism. –different DNA
15. asexual reproduction-the new organism has a single parent, same DNA
16. Metabolism –combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
17. homeostasis -process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable
18. evolve-populations change over time
19. stimulus-a signal an organism responds to, maybe external or internal
20. Compound light microscope –allows light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image.
Chapter 1 vocab. assignment Part 2-use each term below in a Biologically good sentence! Due 9/16, 9/17
21. Electron microscope-focus beams of electrons on specimens, TEM-transmission-through a specimen, SEM- scanning-electrons back and forth across the surface. Only dried out and dead specimens.
22. Cell culture-a group of cells develops from a single original cell
23. Cell fractionation-separation of cell parts using a centrifuge
Important Scientists
24. Aristotle–made observations about the natural world, thought that “vital” forces brought some living things into being from nonliving material
25. Francesco Redi-1668-tested the hypothesis of biogenesis by a controlled experiment using meat, refuted the hypothesis of spontaneous generation
26. Anton Leeuwenhoek -prepared first lenses to magnify tiny objects, referred to as “animalcules
27. John Needham-tried to disprove Redi’s experiment, with heated gravy, claiming the heat killed anything alive and said the gravy produced the “animalcules”
28. Lazzaro Spallanzani-improved Needham’s experiment, heated and sealed one flask,supported Redi’s hypothesis
29. Louis Pasteur- designed experiment with a curved neck flask, so both open to the air, but couldn’t come from the air-disproved hypothesis of spontaneous generation, supported the theory of biogenesis.
Branches of Biology
30. Botany-scientific study of plants
31. Genetics-science of genes, heredity and the variation of organisms
32. Biochemistry-explores the chemistry of living organisms and the molecular basis for the changes occurring in living cells.
Anatomy-branch of natural science dealing with the structural organization of living things.
33. subdiscipline of biology that studies all aspects of the cell.
34. Ecology-study of interactions of organisms with one another and with the physical and chemical environment.
35. Zoology-the study of animals
36. Paleontology-study of ancient life forms that inhabited our earth and of the fossils that remain behind.
37. Cryobiology-branch of biology that studeis the effects of low temperatures on living things
38. Taxonomy-the science of organizing and naming living things
39. Microbiology-study of microorganisms
40. Ethology-study of animal behavior
*Important questions (answer on separate paper in complete sentences).
- What is the difference between an observation and inference?(pg.4)
- Compare qualitative and quantitative observations.(pg.4)
- Why is Redi’s experiment on spontaneous generation a controlled experiment?(pg.9)
- How did the design of Pasteur’s flask help him refute the hypothesis of spontaneous generation?(pg.12)
- List AND describe the characteristics of living things.(pg.16)
- Describe the Levels of Organization in the study of Biology. Choose an organism and identify the levels of organization that characterize it and its environment.(pg.21)
- What happens to an organism if its homeostasis is disrupted and not restored?(think!)
- Why do scientists use a common measurement system?(pg.24)
- What is the difference in the way light microscopes and electron microscopes produce images?(pg.25)
- What types of objects can be studied with a light microscope? An electron microscope?(pg.26)
- List and describe the 5 most important lab safety rules.(pg.28 and think!)
*Labs and Activities: What is Life Lab, data game, designing experiments, microscope activity/lab, metric scavenger hunt, safety video/activity, Biology in Your Life, Biology Current Events
*Quizzeson microscopes, metrics, vocabulary, experiments, lab safety, vocabulary
*Chapter 1 TEST –to be given on:______
Biology Current Event due:______