Chapter 1: Introducing Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.The disorder characterized by impaired development in social behavior, communication, and motor behavior is:
a. / childhood depression / c. / autismb. / attention deficit disorder / d. / Down syndrome
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.1 Introduction, Textbook | Video - Autism - Christina, Online | Video - Autism: A Spectrum Disorder, Online OBJ: LO1: Describe autism. MSC: TYPE: Easy
2.The prevalence of autism in the last 20 years has:
a. / stayed about the same / c. / decreasedb. / increased, but only among girls / d. / increased
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.1 Introduction, TextbookOBJ:LO1: Describe autism.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
3.The increase in autism is most probably due to:
a. / the breakdown of the family / c. / childhood vaccinationsb. / increased air and water pollution / d. / better diagnosis
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.1 Introduction, TextbookOBJ:LO1: Describe autism.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
4.The definition of psychology presented in your textbook is:
a. / the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.b. / the study of abnormal behaviors and ways to psychoanalyze individuals.
c. / the systematic application of science to helping people who are mentally disturbed.
d. / the systematic, scientific study of human behavior.
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
5.Inez was attempting to recite the definition of psychology she read in her psychology textbook. She said that psychology is the systematic study of behavior and mental processes. What important word did she omit?
a. / rigorous / c. / psychoanalyticalb. / controlled / d. / scientific
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
6.In the definition of psychology presented in your text, the term behavior refers to:
a. / mental processesb. / observable actions or responses
c. / thinking
d. / behaviors performed only by human beings
ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
7.As Professor Gilpin is lecturing on the definition of psychology, he asks a student, Rita, to think about an example of a mental process. After thinking about it, Rita is still confused by the term mental processes. To clarify the term, Professor Gilpin should:
a. / ask a brighter student to define mental processesb. / point out to Rita that mental processes are emphasized by the cognitive approach
c. / suggest that Rita use the SQ3R approach described in her text
d. / suggest that Rita, in her attempt to think about mental processes, was in fact giving an example of a mental process
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology
MSC:TYPE: Medium
8.The definition of psychology has evolved over time:
a. / without much dissent or discussionb. / from specific to more general
c. / from general to more specific
d. / from a focus on humans to a focus on animals
ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology
MSC:TYPE: Difficult
9.Which one of the following is not one of the four goals of psychology?
a. / to explain the causes of behavior / c. / to judge behaviorb. / to predict behavior / d. / to control behavior
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy
10.The four goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and:
a. / test / c. / observeb. / interact / d. / control
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy
11.People smile. This statement best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.
a. / describe / c. / explainb. / analyze / d. / summarize
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy
12.People smile because they are happy. This statement best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.
a. / describe / c. / explainb. / analyze / d. / summarize
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy
13.“I bet you will smile when you hear good news.” This best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.
a. / predict / c. / explainb. / analyze / d. / summarize
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy
14.Joseph said that several years ago in a long food line in the Soviet Union, an elderly woman fell to the ground and died of a heart attack. No one helped her. He added that this lack of helping is probably due to diffusion of responsibility. Joseph is fulfilling which goal of psychology?
a. / to explain behavior / c. / to control behaviorb. / to predict behavior / d. / to influence behavior
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium
15.In a documentary on TV, you hear of juvenile delinquents who have a hard time managing their anger. A psychologist has taught these troubled youths to think of how other people feel when they lose their temper. This application of psychology illustrates which goal?
a. / to explain behavior / c. / to control behaviorb. / to predict behavior / d. / to influence behavior
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium
16.A 4th grade teacher says to one of his students, “The next time you get away from your desk, I am going to take away five minutes from your recess time.” This example best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.
a. / describe / c. / predictb. / explain / d. / control
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium
17.You are participating in a field experience this semester in a local third grade class. One of the boys, Isaac, has autism. During one of your visits, the regular teacher was gone and a substitute took her place. Isaac’s most likely reaction to this new person would be:
a. / to take advantage of the situation and get his wayb. / to increase his focus on the lesson that the substitute is teaching
c. / to ignore her
d. / to have a difficult time adjusting to the substitute and other new stimuli
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium
18.Structuralists focused on ____, whereas functionalists focused on ____.
a. / elements of the mind; adaptability of the mindb. / objective measurements; subjects’ self-reports
c. / adaptability of the mind; introspection
d. / the continuous flow of mental activity; breaking down mental structures into smaller units
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
19.The difference between “structuralism” and “functionalism” in the early years of psychology concerned a choice between:
a. / British or American psychologyb. / Abraham Maslow or John B. Watson
c. / studying the brain or the cultural setting of behavior
d. / studying narrow sensations or general adaptations to our changing environment
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
20.Structuralism required subjects to introspect in order to:
a. / report on the basic elements of their mental processesb. / complete objective measures of mental functioning
c. / assemble sensations into meaningful perceptions
d. / be psychoanalyzed
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
21.Which of the following relationships best illustrates introspection?
a. / descriptions by the individual of his or her own sensations and perceptionsb. / descriptions of an individual’s behavior by a trained observer
c. / identification of reinforcers and punishers in specific situations
d. / identification of the relationships between neural functioning and cognition
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
22.If Wilhelm Wundt asked you to report your sensations and perceptions by looking inward, you would be engaging in:
a. / functionalism / c. / psychoanalysisb. / introspection / d. / psychometrics
ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
23.Introspection was later criticized as a research method because it:
a. / required too many behavioral observationsb. / focused solely on objective measurements and not on self-reports
c. / was only useful with psychologically disturbed patients
d. / was unscientific since it did not use objective measurement, but rather used only self-reports
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
24.Functionalism focused on:
a. / having subjects look inward and report on the workings of their mindsb. / the fact that perception was more than the sum of its parts
c. / how the mind helped the organism to adapt to its surroundings
d. / the objective, scientific analysis of observable behaviors
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
25.Wundt is to structuralism as:
a. / Freud is to experimentation / c. / Skinner is to ethologyb. / James is to psychoanalysis / d. / James is to functionalism
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
26.An article entitled, “The Mind: Goals and Purposes” would be most likely written by someone who identifies with:
a. / Wundt and structuralism / c. / Freud and Wertheimerb. / James and functionalism / d. / Watson and structuralism
ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
27.What important book did William James publish in 1890?
a. / Principles of Psychologyb. / Introduction to Psychology
c. / Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It
d. / The Structure of Psychological Thought
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
28.The father of modern psychology is considered to be:
a. / Sigmund Freud / c. / William Jamesb. / George Sanchez / d. / B.F. Skinner
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
29.The term Gestalt refers to:
a. / structuralism / c. / introspectionb. / observable behaviors / d. / whole pattern
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
30.The ____ approach emphasizes looking at the whole, rather than the sum of its parts.
a. / behavioral / c. / Gestaltb. / functionalism / d. / psychoanalytic
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
31.Gestalt psychologists study how sensations are:
a. / experienced by the sensory organsb. / assembled into meaningful perceptual experiences
c. / observed and recorded
d. / composed of smaller elements
ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
32.John Watson rejected structuralism and stated that psychology should study:
a. / observable behaviors / c. / sensations and perceptionsb. / unconscious fears and behaviors / d. / introspection
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
33.Simon, who is a TV producer, has an idea for a new TV show. It will ask contestants about John Watson and award money for correct answers. What is the most likely title of this show?
a. / Leipzig 90214 / c. / Who Wants to Be a Behaviorist?b. / I Love Cognition / d. / Who Wants to Be a Gestaltist?
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
34.The pioneering psychologist who offered the famous guarantee about being able to shape a baby into any type of specialist you might want was:
a. / William James / c. / Max Wertheimerb. / John B. Watson / d. / Wilhelm Wundt
ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
35.What did John B. Watson’s famous quote regarding taking a dozen healthy infants really mean?
a. / Development of personality starts at an early age.b. / Manipulation of the environment causes changes in behavior.
c. / Only well-trained professionals like psychologists should raise children.
d. / Early training can unleash unconscious predispositions.
ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook | Video - Shaping a Pigeon, Online
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Difficult
36.What approach has surpassed the popularity of behaviorism throughout the 1990s?
a. / functionalism / c. / psychoanalytic approachb. / gestalt approach / d. / cognitive approach
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook
OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
37.The ____ approach studies how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with the environment to influence behavior and mental processes.
a. / biological / c. / behavioralb. / cognitive / d. / psychoanalytic
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook
OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
38.One of the most powerful new techniques in the biological approach is:
a. / testing how people process, store, and use informationb. / discovering how individuals learn new behaviors or modify existing ones
c. / taking computerized photos of the activity of living brains
d. / studying how the first five years affect later personality development
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook
OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
39.A biological perspective of a mental disorder may suggest that:
a. / a mental disorder is the result of traumatic experiencesb. / distorted perception is the main cause of mental disorder
c. / mental disorders can often be traced to brain dysfunction
d. / poor stress management techniques are the main cause of most mental disorders
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook | Reading - Biological Approach to Test Anxiety, Online OBJ: LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
40.Dr. Walsh is a psychobiologist and has published her work in several scientific journals. Of the following, which is the most likely journal to accept her papers?
a. / Journal of Behavior and Brainb. / Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology
c. / Journal of Cognitive Psychology
d. / Psychometrics in Education
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook
OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
41.Stacey believes that, ultimately, the causes of all types of mental disorders will be traced to imbalances in brain chemicals. This statement best represents which psychological perspective?
a. / humanistic / c. / evolutionaryb. / cognitive / d. / biological
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook
OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
42.A cognitive psychologist may study the way we memorize a telephone number by:
a. / investigating how we process and store the number in memoryb. / analyzing the rewards available for successful memorization
c. / researching the extent to which good memory skills are common in a family
d. / interviewing to determine what unconscious motives may be associated with certain telephone numbers that a person has memorized
ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook | Reading - Cognitive Approach to Test Anxiety, Online OBJ: LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
43.Jerry is interested in discovering how people process, store, and use information. His interests reflect which psychological perspective?
a. / biological / c. / cognitiveb. / humanistic / d. / evolutionary
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook
OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
44.Which set of words best fits with the cognitive perspective?
a. / cerebellum, brain, biology / c. / process, memory, thinkb. / reinforcement, punishment, learning / d. / unconscious, fears, guilty
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook
OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
45.____ studies cognitive skills by identifying the corresponding areas in the brain.
a. / Gestalt psychology / c. / Cognitive neuroscienceb. / Humanistic psychology / d. / Psychoanalysis
ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook
OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Easy
46.If you had to write a book that describes the basic principle of behaviorism, which title would be best to select?
a. / Your Genes Are Your Friends / c. / Studying the Unconsciousb. / The Inner World / d. / Rewards and Punishments
ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand
REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook | Reading - Behavioral Approach to Test Anxiety, Online OBJ: LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.
MSC:TYPE: Medium
47.The rules that Donna, the autistic individual described in Module One, devised to control her unwanted behavior, best illustrate the ____ approach.