Chap 21 Test Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single
a. / population.b. / community.
c. / organism.
d. / ecosystem.
____2.To carry out photosynthesis, algae and plants use the abiotic factors sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
a. / soil.b. / salt.
c. / water.
d. / bacteria.
____3.Which of the following is an example of a predator adaptation?
a. / a porcupine’s needlesb. / a shark’s powerful jaws
c. / a frog’s bright colors
d. / a plant’s poisonous chemicals
____4.When a flea is living on a dog, the dog is the
a. / parasite.b. / host.
c. / predator.
d. / prey.
____5.Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism are the three types of
a. / symbiotic relationships.b. / predation.
c. / competition.
d. / prey adaptations.
____6.The first species to populate an area where primary succession is taking place are called
a. / secondary species.b. / primary species.
c. / pioneer species.
d. / succession species.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
____7.A tapeworm living inside a wolf’s body is a predator. ______
____8.All of the members of a community belong to the same species. ______
____9.Population size generally increases if the birth rate is greater than the death rate. ______
____10.The carrying capacity is the smallest number of individuals in a population that can live in one area. ______
____11.Both species benefit in the type of symbiosis called mutualism. ______
____12.The series of changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem previously existed is called primary succession. ______
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
13.All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area together make up a(n) ______.
14.A group of zebras breaking off from a herd decreases the size of the herd population through ______.
15.Ticks feed on the blood of mice in a symbiotic relationship called ______.
16.A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is known as ______.
17.A flea is a parasite that lives on a(n) ______such as a dog.
18.The study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment is called ______.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
19.Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their habitat.
20.Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to survive.
21.What level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent?
22.Is the prairie soil a biotic factor or an abiotic factor? Explain your answer.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
23.How was the pheasant population changing at Point A?
24.What are some possible explanations for the change in pheasant population between Point B and Point C?
Essay
25.Explain why two different species in an ecosystem can share the same habitat but not the same niche.
26.Explain the difference between a population and a community. Explain at least 2 examples.
27.Define abiotic factor and give four examples. Why might these factors be important to the biotic factors of the ecosystem. (Explain)
28.Classify these examples of symbiosis by type and explain your choice: 1) Inside a human’s intestine live bacteria that make vitamin K; 2) A human picks up bacteria on his or her hands. The bacteria do not cause disease but do feed on the human’s dead skin cells; 3) A tick attaches itself to a human and feeds on the human’s blood.
29.An ecologist counts 75 cardinals in an area measuring 15 square kilometers. What is the population density of the cardinals?
30.Explain why secondary succession usually occurs more rapidly than primary succession.
Chap 21 Test Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.ANS:CDIF:L1OBJ:E.1.1.3
2.ANS:CDIF:L2OBJ:E.1.1.2
3.ANS:BDIF:L3OBJ:E.1.3.2
4.ANS:BDIF:L2OBJ:E.1.3.3
5.ANS:ADIF:L1OBJ:E.1.3.3
6.ANS:CDIF:L3OBJ:E.1.4.1
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
7.ANS:F, parasite
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.3.3
8.ANS:F, population
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.1.3
9.ANS:TDIF:L1OBJ:E.1.2.2
10.ANS:F, largest
DIF:L1OBJ:E.1.2.3
11.ANS:TDIF:L1OBJ:E.1.3.3
12.ANS:TDIF:L2OBJ:E.1.4.1
COMPLETION
13.ANS:ecosystem
DIF:L3OBJ:E.1.1.3
14.ANS:emigration
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.2.2
15.ANS:parasitism
DIF:L3OBJ:E.1.3.3
16.ANS:symbiosis
DIF:L1OBJ:E.1.3.3
17.ANS:host
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.3.3
18.ANS:ecology
DIF:L1OBJ:E.1.1.3
SHORT ANSWER
19.ANS:
The prairie dogs obtain shelter by digging tunnels in the ground and food by eating the grass.
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.1.1
20.ANS:
Answers may vary. One example is the prairie dog’s claws, which allow it to dig tunnels for shelter. Another example is the prairie dog’s ability to bark, which allows it to warn other prairie dogs that a predator is nearby.
DIF:L3OBJ:E.1.3.1
21.ANS:
All of the owls in a certain area represent a population.
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.1.3
22.ANS:
Soil is an abiotic factor because it is not alive.
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.1.2
23.ANS:
It was increasing.
DIF:L1OBJ:E.1.2.2
24.ANS:
Answers will vary but might include a lack of food for the population, a natural disaster, human interactions causing more deaths, or a lack of nesting space causing fewer births.
DIF:L3OBJ:E.1.2.3
ESSAY
25.ANS:
Sharing the same habitat means living in the same part of the ecosystem. Sharing the same niche means competing for the same food and space within that habitat. If two species compete for the same niche, one species will eventually die off.
DIF:L3OBJ:E.1.3.1
26.ANS:
A population is all the members of one species in a particular area. A community is made up of all the different populations in a particular area and usually consists of more than one species.
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.1.3
27.ANS:
The nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. Examples of abiotic factors include water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil.
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.1.3
28.ANS:
The first example is mutualism because the bacteria receive food and a place to live. The human receives a supply of vitamin K. The second example is commensalism because the human is not harmed or helped by the bacteria. The bacteria benefit because they obtain food. The third example is parasitism because the tick is harming the human by feeding on the human’s blood.
DIF:L3OBJ:E.1.3.3
29.ANS:
The population density would be 5 cardinals per square kilometer (75 cardinals/15 square kilometers).
DIF:L2OBJ:E.1.2.2
30.ANS:
In primary succession, there is no existing ecosystem and no soil. Rocks must be broken up to form soil, a slow process. In secondary succession, some soil already exists and some living things may be present, such as plants. Fewer changes must occur to form a stable ecosystem.
DIF:L3OBJ:E.1.4.1