Ch 5 & 6: Bonding, Formulas and Naming NotesName ______
Period ______Date______
Types of Chemical Bonds:
A. Ionic Bonding
1)Positively charged ions are attracted to ______charged ions, making a ______compound.
2)Properties of Ionic Compounds:
a)high ______.
b) dissolve in water to form ______that are good ______of
electricity (______).
c) have a large ______difference between elements.
d)usually form between ______and ______.
3)The Octet Rule:
a)Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order to acquire a ______set of
______electrons (______).
b)Atoms will ______electrons (e-) to each other in order to have a full set of
______electrons.
c)When electrons are transferred, ______bonds are formed.
4)Types of Compounds:
a)Binaryform from monatomic ions – have ______cation and ______anion.
Ex) Mg+2 O-2 ______Ca+2 Cl-1 ______
b) Tertiary form from polyatomic ions which consists of a group of atoms
______bonded with a______charge that bond
ionically with other ions.
-Ex. ______
“ ______”, ______
5) Polyvalent Metals: Some metals including the ______metals do
not follow the ______rule and may form more than 1 kind of cation.
These ions are named with ______to
distinguish between them.
Ex) Fe+2 ______read “iron two”
Fe+3 ______read “iron three”
FeCl2 ______
FeCl3 ______
Copper (I) sulfate ______
Copper (II) phosphate ______
6) Lewis Dot Diagrams for elements:
Element / # of val. Electrons / Dot DiagramLi
N
Be
F
Ne
Au
C
**Note: Only show s and p orbitals in dot diagram.
7) Lewis-dot diagram for sodium chloride:
B. Covalent Bonding
1) Covalent Bonds are formed by ______pairs of electrons between 2 atoms.
2) Usually formed between two ______with a ______electronegativity difference.
3) Molecules:
a)a group of atoms held together by ______bonds
b)molecular substance – contains ______
4) Naming:
a) uses prefixes:1 mono-4 tetra- 7 hepta-10 deca-
2 di-5 penta-8 octa-
3 tri-6 hexa-9 nona-
b) end in “ide”
c) More electronegative element is written ______
d) Only use a prefix on the first element if it is more than ______.
e) Always use a prefix for the ______.
Ex) water H2O ______
SmogNO2______
5) Types of formulas for covalent bonding
a) Molecular Formula shows how ______atoms make up a ______.
ex. ______& ______
b)Structural Formula shows how the atoms are ______to each other.
ex.
1. Uses 2 ______to show an unshared pair of ______.
2. Uses ______to represent covalent bonds (a shared pair of
electrons) in a structural formula.
3. The ______rule should be satisfied for each element in the compound.
c) Empirical Formula is the ______whole number ______of all the elements
in the compound.
6) Multiple Bonds – can be used to satisfy the octet rule
a)Single Bonds – Share ______pair of electrons.
b)Double Bonds – Share ______pairs of electrons.
c)Triple Bonds – Share ______pairs of electrons ( ______bond).
8) Properties of Covalent Bonds
a)Low ______points, ______, strong ______, poor
______of electricity.
b)Polar Bonds – form between elements with ______differences in
electronegativity. These have an ______sharing of electrons.
Ex)
c)Nonpolar bonds – exert ______on the electrons.
Ex)
9)Electronegativity Chart is used to determine bond type
non polar covalent polar covalent ionic bonds
C. Ionic & Covalent Bonds Summary:
Ionic Bonding / Covalent BondingD. Acids:
1) A molecularcompound that dissolves in water to produce ____ and acharacteristic ______.
2)In water, acids behave like ______compounds.
3)Most acid formulas begin with ______. (Except organic acids) “ ______”
4)The number of hydrogens in the formula depends upon the ______of the anion.
5)Types of Acids
a.)Organic Acids contain the ______group, -COOH or ______Ex)
b.) Binary Acids contain ______and 1 type of ______.
A two-word name is used for binary acids.
1st word:prefix is “hydro”
root is formed from the anion
anion suffix “ide” is changed to “ic”
2nd word: is “acid”
Ex) HCl anion is chloride hydrochloric acid
Prefix root suffix
HBr anion is bromide ______
c.) Oxo (Tertiary) Acids: contain ______within a polyatomic ion.
A two-word name is used for oxo acids.
H2SO4
H2SO3
sulfur or phosphor (to sound better)
2nd word is “acid”
HNO3 anion is nitrate nitric acid
root suffix
H3PO3 anion is phosphite ______
Nitrous acid, anion is ______formula is: ______
Phosphoric acid, anion is ______formula is: ______
E. Hydrates:
1.) Ionic compounds that absorb ______into their solid structures.
Ex) ______(______)
Formula: ______
2.) Anhydrous substance - ______
Ex) CuSO4 • 5H2O ______
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