Ch 26 Sec. 2: Self Rule for British Colonies
Vocabulary:dominion, Maori, Aborigine, penal colony, home rule
Canada Struggles for Self-Rule
- Canada was originally home to many peoples.
- Later, problems between Catholic and Protestant settlers.
- Canada splits: (English), (French)
The Durham Report
- Findings:
- This division eases tensions, but upper class holds power.
- Middle class demands more reform, producing rebellions in 1830s.
- Suggestions:
- Reunite Upper & Lower Canada and encourage settlement
(water down the ) - Allow Canadian colonists to rule selves in affairs.
The Dominion of Canada
- Canadians want government to protect interests against U.S.
- In 1867, the Dominion of Canada is formed.
- Dominion:
Canada’s Westward Expansion
- First prime minister of Canada is .
- Expands Canada to Pacific, then builds railroad.
Australia and New Zealand
- James Cook Explores
- Captain cook claims New Zealand (1769), part of Australia (1770)
- Cook encounters - native people of New Zealand.
- Australian native peoples called by Europeans.
Britain’s Penal Colony
- In 1788, Britain starts Australia, makes it penal colony.
- Penal Colony -
- Upon release, prisoners could buy land and settle.
Free Settlers Arrive
- Free people eventually settle both locations.
- Settlers introduce sheep; becomes major export.
- Government offers cheap land to encourage .
- Immigration also encouraged by .
Settling New Zealand
- Britain recognizes land rights until conflicts in 1839 between Maori and new immigrants.
- In 1840, Maori agree to accept British rule in exchange for British of Maori land rights.
Self-Government
- In early 1900s, both Australia and New Zealand get self-rule.
- In 1850s, Australians are first to use the
- In 1893, New Zealand the first nation to grant (white) suffrage.
Status of Native Peoples
- Colonists , kill many Maori and Aborigines.
- European diseases also take a heavy toll.
- Native peoples pushed to of civilization.
The Irish Win Home Rule
- A Troubled History
- English expansion into & domination of Ireland begins in the
- Irish Catholic majority English laws favoring Protestants and
language/culture.
The Great Famine
- Irish peasants depend heavily on for nourishment.
- 1845-1848 potato famine destroys entire crop; out of eight million people die.
- Millions flee to Ireland to U.S., Canada, Australia, Britain
Demands for Home Rule
- Many Irish want home rule -
- British reservations:
- What if they want (gasp) ?
- What will happen to minority?
- Finally agree to begin Home Rule in 1914….
- by World War I.
Rebellion and Division
- Frustrated Irish nationalists stage failed in 1916.
- Irish Republican Army -
- In 1921, Ireland ; Northern Ireland remains part of Britain.
- South becomes , then Republic of Ireland in 1949.
- Conflict over Northern Ireland continues…
Questions (Answer on a separate sheet of paper in complete sentences):
- What groups of people lived in Canada and where did they live?
- What was the biggest difference between the French and the English living in Canada?
- Explain the effects of the Durham Report on Canada.
- What is a dominion?
- Who claimed Australia and New Zealand and when?
- Who are the Maoris? The Aborigines?
- What is a penal colony?
- What did the British government do to encourage immigration? Why?
- Who were among the 1st settlers in New Zealand?
- Why did the British annex New Zealand?
- What did Australia and New Zealand become (government-wise)?
- When did English expansion in Ireland begin?
- Why was there resentment over British control of Ireland?
- What is the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829?
- What is home rule and why did the British oppose it?
- What is the Easter Rising?
- What happened in 1921? In 1949?